Promotion of safety in the transportation of explosives and other dangerous articles in the United States     

B.W. Dunn 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1910,169(3):165-201

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Datebook     

Marcus Childress 《TechTrends》2000,44(1):39-41

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Provincial governments and China’s international mega-sports events: a case study of Guangdong     

Marcus P. Chu 《Sport in Society》2016,19(10):1622-1634

This article intends to understand factors that determine provincial governments’ attitudes in supporting China’s international mega sports events. Through examining the tasks completed by the Guangdong provincial government for the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games and the 2011 Shenzhen Summer World University Games, the findings confirmed that the political consideration of central leaders, the personal judgements of provincial authorities as well as the factional connection of municipal chiefs were all significant. The article concludes that to scrutinize all the powerful figures of the central, provincial and municipal governments is essential for future academic works with the aim of comprehending the attitude of the Chinese provincial governments towards any sport-related issues.  相似文献   

Orthographic–phonological links in the lexicon: When lexical and sublexical information conflict     

Kim  Jeesun  Taft  Marcus  Davis  Chris 《Reading and writing》2004,17(1-2):187-218

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Do black women still come first? Examining Essence magazine post Time Warner     

Marcus A. Hill 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2016,33(4):366-380

Essence magazine is the longest operating magazine catering to a predominately African-American women audience in the US. In 2000, media conglomerate Time Warner purchased 49% of Essence parent company Essence Communications Inc. In 2005, Time Warner purchased the remaining 51% of the black-owned company. As a media conglomerate, Time Warner owns major publishing houses, film, and television production companies, including 130 magazines, New Line Cinema, CNN, and HBO. Essence states it is “the voice and soul of Black women” Collins [Collins, P. H. (2000). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York, NY: Routledge] argues that black women must speak in their own voices in order to reject prevailing stereotypes operating on the bodies of black women. The mission statement of Essence aligns itself in what Collins calls “safe spaces” for black women to self-define themselves and articulate their lived realties. A critical theoretical framework allows uneven power relations to be examined and offers emancipatory perspectives. The goal of this study is to examine if Time Warner’s purchase of Essence has caused a shift in the voice and content of this magazine.  相似文献   

Using an inoculation message approach to promote public confidence in protective agencies     

Bobi Ivanov  William J. Burns  Timothy L. Sellnow  Elizabeth L. Petrun Sayers  Shari R. Veil  Marcus W. Mayorga 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2016,44(4):381-398

This investigation tested the effectiveness of inoculation as a pre-crisis strategy in combating the effects of politically motivated violent acts. A four-phase experiment was conducted involving 355 national consumer panel participants. The findings indicate that inoculation can be an effective pre-crisis message strategy as it was successful in enhancing public beliefs in the ability of government agencies to prevent, and minimize the effects of, violent acts. This strategy also created a ‘blanket of protection’ that extended beyond the focal politically motivated attack event as it enhanced the confidence in government agencies to manage national crises in general. Inoculation was also effective in lowering the intensity of experienced fear evoked by the threat of violent attacks and it enhanced the ability of individuals to cope with the aftermath of a crisis.  相似文献   

A Different Sort of Teaching,a Different Sort of Teacher? Teachers in integrated schools in Northern Ireland     

Valerie Morgan  Seamus Dunn  Grace Fraser  Ed Cairns 《比较教育学》1994,30(2):153-163

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Syllabic Strategy as Opposed to Coda Optimization in the Segmentation of Spanish Letter-Strings Using Word Spotting     

Carlos J. Álvarez  Marcus Taft  Juan A. Hernández-Cabrera 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2017,21(2):99-108

A word-spotting task is used in Spanish to test the way in which polysyllabic letter-strings are parsed in this language. Monosyllabic words (e.g., bar) embedded at the beginning of a pseudoword were immediately followed by either a coda-forming consonant (e.g., barto) or a vowel (e.g., baros). In the former case, the embedded word corresponds to the first spoken syllable, whereas it cuts across the syllable boundary in the latter case. Unlike a previous study in English using the same methodology (Taft & Álvarez, 2014), the embedded word was found to be easier to detect when followed by a consonant than a vowel, at least for low-frequency words. It was concluded that phonological recoding is more important in the parsing of Spanish words than English words, where maximization of the coda dominates instead.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of a “Grass Roots” Statewide Enrichment Program for Gifted Elementary School Children     

Jessika Golle  Ingo Zettler  Norman Rose  Ulrich Trautwein  Marcus Hasselhorn  Benjamin Nagengast 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2018,11(3):375-408

Enrichment programs provide learning opportunities for a broader or deeper examination of curricular or extracurricular topics and are popular in gifted education. Herein, we investigated the effectiveness of a statewide extracurricular enrichment program for gifted elementary school children in Germany. The program implemented a ”grass roots“ strategy by which local units developed and offered the enrichment courses, which spanned a broad array of topics. The courses targeted different outcomes, including students' cognitive abilities, school achievement, interests, creativity, self-control, self-concept, and social competencies. We compared third-grade students attending the enrichment program (N =423) with nonattending third-grade students (N = 2,328) by means of a propensity score analysis. Specifically, we controlled for potential selection effects and estimated the average causal effect of the enrichment program for children attending the program. The findings revealed positive program effects on academic achievement but not on the other targeted outcomes.  相似文献   

Overregularization in language acquisition.     

G F Marcus  S Pinker  M Ullman  M Hollander  T J Rosen  F Xu 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》1992,57(4):1-182

Children extend regular grammatical patterns to irregular words, resulting in overregularizations like comed, often after a period of correct performance ("U-shaped development"). The errors seem paradigmatic of rule use, hence bear on central issues in the psychology of rules: how creative rule application interacts with memorized exceptions in development, how overgeneral rules are unlearned in the absence of parental feedback, and whether cognitive processes involve explicit rules or parallel distributed processing (connectionist) networks. We remedy the lack of quantitative data on overregularization by analyzing 11,521 irregular past tense utterances in the spontaneous speech of 83 children. Our findings are as follows. (1) Overregularization errors are relatively rare (median 2.5% of irregular past tense forms), suggesting that there is no qualitative defect in children's grammars that must be unlearned. (2) Overregularization occurs at a roughly constant low rate from the 2s into the school-age years, affecting most irregular verbs. (3) Although overregularization errors never predominate, one aspect of their purported U-shaped development was confirmed quantitatively: an extended period of correct performance precedes the first error. (4) Overregularization does not correlate with increases in the number or proportion of regular verbs in parental speech, children's speech, or children's vocabularies. Thus, the traditional account in which memory operates before rules cannot be replaced by a connectionist alternative in which a single network displays rotelike or rulelike behavior in response to changes in input statistics. (5) Overregularizations first appear when children begin to mark regular verbs for tense reliably (i.e., when they stop saying Yesterday I walk). (6) The more often a parent uses an irregular form, the less often the child overregularizes it. (7) Verbs are protected from overregularization by similar-sounding irregulars, but they are not attracted to overregularization by similar-sounding regulars, suggesting that irregular patterns are stored in an associative memory with connectionist properties, but that regulars are not. We propose a simple explanation. Children, like adults, mark tense using memory (for irregulars) and an affixation rule that can generate a regular past tense form for any verb. Retrieval of an irregular blocks the rule, but children's memory traces are not strong enough to guarantee perfect retrieval. When retrieval fails, the rule is applied, and overregularization results.  相似文献