The Problem of Induction: a New Approach     

OLIVEIRA  MARCOS BARBOSA DE 《The British journal for the philosophy of science》1985,36(2):129-145

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From sailing boat to steamship: the role of the publisher in an open access environment     

Saskia C. J. DE VRIES 《Learned Publishing》2007,20(3):196-201

The Internet has been a huge success in the academic world, as it makes it possible for academics to share and find research materials; open access has therefore become a fact of life for academic publishing. But what is the role of publishers in this new environment? The key functions of publishing – organizing peer review, editorial support, graphic design, marketing, and distribution of academic information – do not just disappear; publishers still have a role here, but they need to take a more service‐minded perspective. Academics still need to find ways to ensure the dissemination of their output; it is important that they realize that this will cost money, whether it is brought in‐house or outsourced. The IMISCOE project, on which Amsterdam University Press has recently embarked, offers an entirely new publishing model oriented towards online dissemination of academic research results, as well as in book form.  相似文献   

Library research and new drug development and promotion     

DE HAEN P 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1956,44(3):285-294

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The Academy and the Engineering Sciences: An Unwelcome Royal Gift     

Wolfgang?K?nigEmail author 《Minerva》2004,42(4):359-377

On 19 March 1900, at the bicentenary celebrations of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, Kaiser Wilhelm II established three new fellowships in engineering sciences. This was in many aspects an unwanted gift, and one which tested the Academys relationship between pure and applied science. In the context of contemporary struggles between traditional and modern knowledge, this paper shows how the Academy confronted the newly emerging engineering sciences, and how it resolved a potential challenge in ways that ensured its continuing autonomy.  相似文献   

Effective force and economy of triathletes and cyclists     

CLÁUDIA TARRAGÔ CANDOTTI  JERRI RIBEIRO  DENISE PASCHOAL SOARES  ÁLVARO REISCHAK DE OLIVEIRA  JEFFERSON FAGUNDES LOSS  ANTÔNIO CARLOS S. GUIMARÃES 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):31-43

The effective force applied on the crank, the index of pedalling effectiveness, and the economy of movement at 60, 75, 90, and 105 rev/min cadences were examined in nine cyclists and eight triathletes. Tests were performed on two days. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured and the second ventilatory threshold was estimated on day 1 using a stationary bicycle. On day 2, the four different cadences were tested at about 5% below the second ventilatory threshold. A strain gauge instrumented clip-less pedal mounted on the bicycle enabled us to measure the normal and tangential forces exerted on the pedal, while the pedal and crank angles were monitored with the aid of a video system. Based on this information, the effective force and the index of pedalling effectiveness were calculated. Cyclists produced significantly more effective force and a higher index of pedalling effectiveness at 60 and 75 rev/min and were significantly more economic at all cadences than triathletes. The significant and positive correlation between effective force and economy at all cadences suggests that improvement of the effective force would reflect on economy.  相似文献