Effects of isometric quadriceps strength training at different muscle lengths on dynamic torque production     

Marika Noorkõiv  Kazunori Nosaka  Anthony J. Blazevich 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(18):1952-1961

This study aims to (1) determine whether isometric training at a short vs. long quadriceps muscle length affects concentric torque production; (2) examine the relationship between muscle hypertrophy and concentric torque; and (3) determine whether changes in fascicle length are associated with changes in concentric torque.

Sixteen men performed isometric training at a short (SL, n = 8) or a long muscle length (LL, n = 8). Changes in maximal concentric torque were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 rad · s^?1. The relationships between the changes in concentric torque, cross-sectional area, volume and fascicle length were tested.

Concentric torque increased significantly after training only in LL and at angular velocities of 30 and 120 rad · s^?1 by 12–13% (P < 0.05). Muscle size increased in LL only, the changes were correlated (r = 0.73–0.93, P < 0.05) with the changes in concentric torque. Vastus lateralis (VL) fascicle length increased in both groups (5.4 ± 4.9%, P = 0.001) but the change was not correlated with changes in concentric torque in either group.

Isometric training-induced increases in muscle size and concentric torque were best elicited by training at long muscle lengths. These results highlight a clear muscle length dependence of isometric training on dynamic torque production.  相似文献   

The use of intellectual capital to obtain competitive advantages in regional small and medium enterprises     

Carlos M?JardonEmail author 《知识管理研究与实践》2015,13(4):486-496

Entrepreneurs use resources and capacities to form core competencies. These are competitive advantages if they produce better company performance. Intellectual capital (IC) is a key resource for competitive advantage. This paper analyses the process through which entrepreneurs use this resource to obtain competitive advantages in regional SMEs. We show how entrepreneurs constitute three core competencies with IC and territory: internal knowledge management, relationship management and innovativeness. By partial least squares techniques we demonstrate that: (i) the two first factors influence innovativeness; (ii) this dynamic affects company performance. The study contributes to the analysis of the process of building core competencies by the entrepreneur from IC, in order to get better company performance.  相似文献   

‘Will press lever for food’: behavioural conditioning of students through frequent high-stakes assessment     

Rob Wass  Tony Harland  Angela McLean  Ellen Miller  Kwong Nui Sim 《高等教育研究与发展》2015,34(6):1324-1326

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An instrument for analyzing arguments produced in modeling‐based chemistry lessons     

Paula Cristina Cardoso Mendonça  Rosária Justi 《科学教学研究杂志》2014,51(2):192-218

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The Influence of Individual and Situational Factors on Children's Choice of a Conflict Management Strategy     

Anni Tamm  Pirko Tõugu  Tiia Tulviste 《Early education and development》2014,25(1):93-109

Research Findings: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of individual and situational factors on nursery school children's conflict management strategies. This observational study of triadic interaction was carried out among 69 children whose mean age was 48 months. The video-recorded data were coded for the type of conflict, the conflict initiator, and the conflict management strategy (aggressive, prosocial, or avoidance strategy). The results of the study showed that individual factors such as gender, age, and teacher-reported behavioral problems were not related to children's conflict management strategies. Children's conflict behavior was, however, associated with the type of conflict and the conflict partner's strategy. Partner's gender had no effect in the present study. Practice or Policy: The study suggests that, in addition to individual factors, situational factors should be taken into account when exploring children's conflict management skills and planning interventions.  相似文献   

What Is Inside the Earth?     

Alexandra Cardoso  Tiago Ribeiro  Clara Vasconcelos 《Science & Education》2018,27(7-8):715-736

This article studies the conceptions of the interior of the Earth held by Portuguese elementary school children and senior citizens. Several studies were conducted regarding conceptions related to Earth sciences, such as rocks, minerals, earthquakes geological time, and Earth structure. Most of these studies involved students enrolled in compulsory education, some involved higher education students, several involved teachers, and only a few involved adults. The majority of the results showed that many misconceptions are held by people of all ages. Similar results were found in this study, as both children and senior citizens revealed several misconceptions. The research resorted to a questionnaire based on a drawing task so as to find out the way that children and senior citizens imagine the structure and composition of the interior of our planet. A comparison between children’s and senior citizens’ drawings was made, as well as a comparison between those drawings and the historical models of the internal structure of the Earth. We found that only a small number of children and even a smaller number of senior citizens recognize that the interior of the Earth is organized in concentric layers. They assume that soil and water are a common part of the internal composition of our planet. Similarities between the drawings and the historical models were identified, particularly similarities related to Gautier’s model, which accepts the possibility of the existence of life in the interior of the planet as it happens on its surface.  相似文献   

Social robots as cultural objects: The sixth dimension of dynamicity?     

Leopoldina Fortunati  Mauro Sarrica  Giovanni Ferrin  Sonia Brondi  Furio Honsell 《The Information Society》2018,34(3):141-152

We investigate youths' conceptualization of social robots. Informed by Schudson's theory of the potency of the cultural object, we conducted two studies. The first study centered on essays on social robots written by bachelor's and master's students. The second study centered on prototypes of social robots built by small groups comprised of same students. The essays and prototypes were content analyzed. The results confirm that social robots embody all five dimensions that characterize cultural objects. However, to fully understand this peculiar cultural object, another dimension needs to be introduced: dynamicity.  相似文献   

Academics’ participation in quality assurance: does it reflect ownership?   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sónia Cardoso  Maria J. Rosa  Pedro Videira 《Quality in Higher Education》2018,24(1):66-81

Academics’ support for quality assurance (QA) depends on several factors, including their sense of ownership, which seems to be influenced by academics’ participation in QA’s implementation. This paper aims to understand whether this participation is indeed contributing to academics’ ownership of QA. Findings from a survey of Portuguese academics’ on their participation in study programmes accreditation suggests that this may not be the case. Academics present a partial withdrawal towards effective participation in study programmes’ accreditation, especially regarding external assessment. Furthermore, they do not seem willing to enhance this participation nor are they very critical about it. Since academics’ sense of ownership is essential for the successful implementation of QA, these results may represent a challenge for both institutions and QA agencies.  相似文献   

Prevalence of urinary incontinence in high-impact sports athletes and their association with knowledge,attitude and practice about this dysfunction     

Amanda Maria Brito Cardoso  Cláudia Regina Oliveira de Paiva Lima 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(10):1405-1412

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in female athletes practising high-impact sports and its association with knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP).

Design: Observational study.

Methods: A semi-structured evaluation form, KAP survey and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form were used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to verify the association of UI with KAP, sociodemographic, gynaecological and sports-related variables, with significant variables remaining in the model (p?Results: The prevalence of UI in 118 athletes was 82 (70%), of which 19 (23%) had pure stress UI, 19 (23%) had pure urgency UI and 44 (54%) had mixed UI; with 50 (61%) athletes losing urine during training and 37 (45%) during competitions. Regarding the KAP survey, 37 athletes (31%) demonstrated adequate knowledge, 63 (53%) adequate attitude and zero adequate practice. In the multivariate analysis, a sports practice time of over 8 years and dyspareunia presented significant values, with odds ratios (OR) of 2.66 and 2.99, respectively. Knowledge was significantly associated with UI (OR 0.43). UI had a slight impact on QOL.

Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of UI yet low levels of adequate knowledge and practice regarding the occurrence of UI in sports, with sports practice time over 8 years and dyspareunia factors predisposing female athletes to UI by 2.7 and 3 times, respectively. Athletes with adequate knowledge were 57% less likely to develop UI.  相似文献   

A systematic literature review on intangible assets and open innovation     

Michele?GrimaldiEmail author  Vincenzo?Corvello  Andrea?De Mauro  Emanuela?Scarmozzino 《知识管理研究与实践》2017,15(1):90-100

Despite the growing interest, Open Innovation (OI) in Intangible Assets (IAs) research is still fragmented and displays a limited contextual focus. This paper aims to provide a clearer view of these issues and represents a first step toward filling such research gap. A systematic literature review and a synthesis of high-quality contributions with a focus on a general overview of research on OI and IAs in OI processes have been carried out. By critically evaluating the current body of literature and definitions, we have moved a step further toward comprehending the multiple facets of existing research and highlight several promising areas for future development. In particular, we have analyzed the role of IAs in OI practices by selecting a synthesis and a critical review of their different exploitations. We have combined multiple algorithms to produce a clear topical taxonomy of the multiple strands of research lying at the interface of OI and IAs.  相似文献