National and international aspects of education     

I. L. Kandel 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1955,1(1):5-17

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Progress monitoring with objective measures of writing performance for students with mild disabilities     

R I Parker  G Tindal  J Hasbrouck 《Exceptional children》1991,58(1):61-73

To adequately monitor progress in writing, a test must show stability and demonstrate a performance profile over time that parallels those of accepted criterion measures. This study investigated the technical adequacy of seven objective indexes of writing quality in monitoring the progress of 36 middle school (Grades 6-8) students with mild disabilities over a 6-month period. The stability of each index was assessed. Holistic ratings of the same writing samples and the Test of Written Language served as validation criteria. Three indexes were moderately correlated with holistic ratings, but were not sufficiently stable over time. Direct, objective writing assessment must be used with caution for progress monitoring, given our present lack of precision in measuring the complex task of writing.  相似文献   

Some relationships between testing and auto-instructional programing     

Paul I. Jacobs 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1962,10(6):317-327

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A New Approach to Avoiding Problems of Scale in Interpreting Trends in Mental Measurement Data     

Henry I. Braun 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1988,25(3):171-191

Extracting policy-relevant information from large national surveys of educational achievement is ordinarily a nontrivial task. It is made more treacherous when the data are expressed on scales that are not uniquely determined. The paper begins with a critical analysis of a recent attempt to interpret the findings on reading achievement obtained by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). It then describes a new approach to the quantification and interpretation of change and demonstrates its appropriateness for repeated cross-sectional designs such as NAEP. Limitations imposed by the survey design and the nature of the measurements are highlighted  相似文献   

The effect of US omission in classical aversive and appetitive conditioning of rabbits     

William F. Prokasy  I. Gormezano 《Learning & behavior》1979,7(1):80-88

Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were given either a 100% or a 50% reinforcement schedule in classical conditioning. Two groups received an aversive US (shock) and two groups received an appetitive US (water to the oral cavity). With parameter estimates for the two-phase model serving as the dependent variables, it was possible to define more precisely the effect of US omission with the intermittent reinforcement schedule. For the aversive preparation, the major effect of intermittent reinforcement was to increase the duration of Phase 1, a phase during which response likelihood remains constant at its initial value. Only a small proportion of subjects reflected the effect of US omission during Phase 2, the “learning” phase, this being a low operator limit following trials on which neither the CR nor the US occurred. The major effect of US omission for the appetitive preparation was in Phase 2, primarily a result of a minority of subjects having a low operator limit following trials on which neither the CR nor the US occurred. Many subjects required separate operators for trials on which the CR did or did not occur. The results were interpreted to pose difficulties for strength theories of conditioning, and the limitation implied for successful application of the Rescorla-Wagner theory are discussed. The implications of the data for response-contingent interpretations and for individual differences are also discussed.  相似文献   

Making values education everyone's business     

Louis I. Katzner  Donald G. Nieman 《About Campus》2006,11(5):16-23

Adults are typically required to make values‐based decisions multiple times each day.Why, then, should a discussion of values not be explicit across the college curriculum and intentionally integrated into the cocurriculum? The authors describe a place where the work of values education is widely shared.  相似文献   

Innovation and Change in Higher Education in Developing Countries: experiences from Tanzania     

I. M. Omari 《比较教育学》1991,27(2):181-205

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Comparative study of Anaplasma parasites in tick carrying buffaloes and cattle     

Rajput ZI  Hu SH  Arijo AG  Habib M  Khalid M 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(11):1057-1062

INTRODUCTION The world population of buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis)has been estimated at over172million head,more than97%(167.6million)of which are in Asia and the Pacific region,mainly in India(97.7million)and Pakistan(25.5million)(FAO,2004).About98%of buffaloes in the region are raised by small farmers owning less than two hectares of land and less than five buffaloes(Mudgal,1992).In general,the water buffalo is regarded as more productive,healthier and more useful than the cow,especiall…  相似文献   

Undecided/undeclared: Working with “deciding” students     

Robert M. McDaniels  Jennifer K. Carter  Cynthia J. Heinzen  Karin I. Candrl  Anna M. Wieberg 《Journal of Career Development》1994,21(2):135-139

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FIRST YEAR IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROJECT-BASED LEARNING APPROACH: THE NEED FOR ADDRESSING TEACHERS�� ORIENTATIONS IN THE ERA OF REFORM     

Meredith A. Park Rogers  Dionne I. Cross  Melissa Sommerfeld Gresalfi  Amy E. Trauth-Nare  Gayle A. Buck 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(4):893-917

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which three teachers’ professional experience and existing orientations toward teaching and learning mathematics and science influenced their implementation of a project-based curriculum (i.e. project-based learning (PBL)). Data sources included interviews, videotapes of classroom activity, and a teaching philosophy questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using an iterative coding technique. We found coherency between the teachers’ perceived orientations and their emergent ideas about PBL, their sense of PBL as being compatible with their goals, and the specific challenges with which they struggled. All the teachers wanted their students to be successful; however, different definitions of success led to quite different approaches toward teaching, and for the most part, these differences appeared to have occurred because of existing orientations the teachers held for teaching their discipline. Implications for professional development taking into account teachers’ orientations and thus their professional experience are discussed, as well as disciplinary challenges to using PBL.  相似文献