40^th Anniversary of Curriculum Inquiry—Part I     

DENNIS THIESSEN  ELIZABETH CAMPBELL  RUBÉN GAZTAMBIDE-FERNÁNDEZ  KELLI NIGH 《课程探究》2010,40(1):1-16

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Gender and Social Inequality at Oxford and Cambridge Universities     

N. G. McCrum 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(4):369-397

Abstract

The academic efficiency and social justice of entry procedures at Oxford and Cambridge Universities are examined over the past quarter of a century. For each major subject the mean A‐level scores of males and females entering from state and independent schools are compared with mean final examination scores in the major subjects. In any comparison of state and independent cohorts of the same gender, within the bounds of normal statistical fluctuation, the difference in A‐level score is a good predictor of the difference in finals score. For example, when between state men and independent men the difference in A‐level score is zero, the difference between mean finals score is zero also. The origin of female under‐achievement is examined. In most subjects there is pronounced gender inequality due to the following chain of circumstances: (1) to break‐even in finals women require at entry better grades at Advanced Level than men; (2) women used to have much the better A‐levels and so, in finals a quarter of a century ago, they matched and even — in some subjects — surpassed the men; (3) the A‐levels of women entering Oxford and Cambridge Universities fell off during the 1970s; (4) today female A‐level scores are slightly worse than male A‐level scores, and so female finals scores are much worse, in most subjects, than male finals scores. The concept of an ideal subject is defined; this is a subject in which zero difference in A‐level score between male and female yields zero difference in finals score. Law at Cambridge and chemistry at Oxford are ideal subjects. Ideal subjects are rare at Oxbridge: most subjects exhibit a significant male lead in finals when male and female have equal A‐level scores. The most non‐ideal subject at Oxford is mathematics, in which zero difference in A‐level score between males and females yields a male lead in finals score of 13%: at Oxford the other non‐ideal subjects are physics (male lead at equal A‐levels 11%), philosophy, politics and economics (9%), history (8%), modem languages (8%) and English (5%). An ideal subject is a paradigm which requires even‐handedness between male and female cohorts in the following parameters: (1) efficiency of course selection from school; (2) efficiency of teaching; (3) efficiency of finals assessment; (4) latent ability. A pronounced relative decline in the A‐level scores of girls educated in state maintained schools entering English and Welsh universities occurred in the 1970s; it is attributed to the reform of the state school system, particularly the growth in mixed‐sex comprehensive schools and the decline in the number of female single‐sex grammar schools. A peculiar aspect of the admissions filters at both Oxford and Cambridge ensures that state‐school educated men gaining entry do so with A‐level scores markedly superior to those of the other three cohorts.  相似文献   

The cappielow riot and the composition and behaviour of soccer crowds in late Victorian Scotland     

N. L. Tranter 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(3):125-140

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The validity and reliability of focus groups as a research method in adult education     

N. E. Chioncel  R.G.W. Van Der Veen  D. Wildemeersch  P. Jarvis 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(5):495-517

The article examines the theory and practice of focus groups in adult education research. Three theoretical positions are described: radical hermeneutic, moderate interpretative and pragmatic realistic position trying to bridge the gap with positivist research. This last position has been chosen as the departure point for a further analysis of the focus group elements, which relate to validity and reliability. The research examines four European research projects in the field of adult education. The most important and surprising data are presented with reference to both socio-psychological and technical problems in the use of this method. The results highlight the importance and dynamics of all the elements discussed.  相似文献   

New methods for life course analysis of lifelong education     

N.C. Farnes 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(5):341-352

Studies of the impact of education on adults’ lives must go beyond the background details of students, the course and the immediate learning outcomes, and be grounded in the changing lives of learners in a changing world. Life histories provide a rich source of data to assess the significance of education but are difficult to analyse. New approaches based on life course analysis show at what stage in students’ various ‘careers’ they participate, what else is going on at the time, and how education affects areas of their lives. The paper begins with a brief review of the literature on collecting life histories and a justification for the method adopted which provides the starting point for life course analysis. A case study of a student living in an area of multiple deprivation who took an Open University community education course is presented to show how life course analysis can be carried out and the place and influence of education evaluated.  相似文献   

‘Science to the Glory of God’. The Popular Science Magazine Ibérica and its Coverage of Radioactivity, 1914–1936     

Néstor Herran 《Science & Education》2012,21(3):335-353

This paper provides a first approach to the history of Ibérica, one of the most important popular science magazines published in Spain before the Civil War. Founded in 1914 by members of the Society of Jesus based at the Ebro Observatory, Ibérica reached a weekly circulation of about 10,000 in the mid 1920s, and was instrumental in extending science education in Jesuit education facilities and in developing a “reactionary modernist” culture that embraced Catholicism and modernisation. By focusing on its coverage of radioactivity and the radium industry, the article aims to examine the magazine’s popularising style and ideology, and to determine its role in the debates regarding the cultural value of science in the first decades of twentieth century Spain.  相似文献   

A journey to the stars     

N. Rathnasree 《Resonance》2012,17(3):295-298

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Analysis of publications of the pilot issue of the data collection of the All-Russia Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Industry of Nanosystems and Nanomaterials”     

N. M. Builova  V. S. Egorov  O. V. Kirillova  L. M. Koroleva  T. A. Pronina  N. S. Soloshenko 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2007,34(6):301-304

The pilot issue of the data collection of the All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Industry of Nanosystems and Nanomaterials” gives an approximate view of the state of this field of science at the beginning of 2007. The topics of articles in the pilot issue are analyzed. The directions of development of nanotechnologies are shown. The basic types of nanomaterials, the methods of their production, and their properties and applications are given.  相似文献   

Definitions of a “document”     

G. N. Shvetsova-Vodka 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2007,34(4):206-211

Although the definition of a document has been the subject of a vast number of works, analysis of the latest publications shows that the question remains controversial. In this article the two definitions of “document” accepted as the broadest ones, i.e., the principal and conventional ones, are taken for examination. The principal definition of a document starts from the document as a part in the social information-communication process, therefore, having its place in it and performing a function that is major, and obligatory for the document. The conventional definition limits the scope of this concept, mostly in terms of material and characters, with allowance for specific features in the operation of documental communication systems.  相似文献   

A web of science databases as a criterion for assessment of the research activities of Belarusian scientists     

N. Yu. Berezkina  G. S. Khrenova 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2007,34(6):284-288

The publication activity of the scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, the degree of reflection of their papers in Web of Science databases, and the data on the citation of Belarusian researchers in the studies of other scientists are discussed.  相似文献