Effect of surrogate design on the measured stiffness of snowboarding wrist protectors     

Caroline Adams  David James  Terry Senior  Tom Allen  Nick Hamilton 《Sports Engineering》2018,21(3):217-225

In snowboarding, the wrist is the most common injury site, as snowboarders often put their arms out to cushion a fall. This can result in a compressive load through the carpals coupled with wrist hyperextension, leading to ligament sprains or carpal and forearm bone fractures. Wrist protectors are worn by snowboarders in an effort to reduce injury risk, by decreasing peak impact forces and limiting wrist extension to prevent hyperextension during falls. There is no international standard or universally accepted performance specification that snowboarding wrist protectors should conform to, resulting in an inability to judge which designs offer the best protection. This study investigated how surrogate arm design affected the stiffness of wrist protectors during quasi-static mechanical testing. Three surrogate arms with increasing design complexity were used to test three wrist protectors. The results show that surrogate design does influence the stiffness of snowboarding wrist protectors. Given that the surrogate does influence protector performance, it is recommended that a standard surrogate design is established for research and product testing.  相似文献   

Sport and the New Culture of the ‘Second Golden Age’: Amsterdam’s Sporting Entrepreneurs in the 1880s and 1890s     

Nick Piercey 《国际体育史杂志》2018,35(7-8):709-726

Abstract

In the second half of the nineteenth century, Amsterdam underwent important changes in its economic, social, and cultural life as the city entered what is often referred to as its ‘Second Golden Age’. Old elites gave way to new and a new more entrepreneurial culture emerged focused on mass, visible, and consumable activities, including sport, in which the body played a central role. This was especially apparent from the late 1870s and 1880s when spatial changes within the city helped to ensure that sport was increasingly the location for new kinds of associational activity and the development of new products, all underpinned by the potential for profit. Entrepreneurs such as Perry & Co., De Gruyter, and the Amsterdamsche Sport-Club were able to effect strategic combinations between the new body culture and consumerism, producing a range of new products and exploiting new technologies to create new markets. In seizing these opportunities, Amsterdam's entrepreneurs were also reproducing the concept of the trainable, measurable, and consumable body.  相似文献   

Energy expenditure and dietary intake in professional football players in the Dutch Premier League: Implications for nutritional counselling     

Naomi Y.J. Brinkmans  Nick Iedema  Guy Plasqui  Loek Wouters  Wim H.M. Saris  Luc J.C. van Loon 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(24):2759-2767

ABSTRACT

Selecting effective dietary strategies for professional football players requires comprehensive information on their energy expenditure (EE) and dietary intake. This observational study aimed to assess EE and dietary intake over a 14-day period in a representative group (n = 41) of professional football players playing in the Dutch Premier League (Eredivisie). Daily EE, as assessed by doubly labelled water, was 13.8 ± 1.5 MJ/day, representing a physical activity level (PAL) of 1.75 ± 0.13. Weighted mean energy intake (EI), as assessed by three face-to-face 24-h recalls, was 11.1 ± 2.9 MJ/day, indicating 18 ± 15% underreporting of EI. Daily EI was higher on match days (13.1 ± 4.1 MJ) compared with training (11.1 ± 3.4 MJ; P < 0.01) and rest days (10.5 ± 3.1 MJ; P < 0.001). Daily carbohydrate intake was significantly higher during match days (5.1 ± 1.7 g/kg body mass (BM)) compared with training (3.9 ± 1.5 g/kg BM; P < 0.001) and rest days (3.7 ± 1.4 g/kg BM; P < 0.001). Weighted mean protein intake was 1.7 ± 0.5 g/kg BM. Daytime distribution of protein intake was skewed, with lowest intakes at breakfast and highest at dinner. In conclusion, daily EE and PAL of professional football players are modest. Daily carbohydrate intake should be increased to maximize performance and recovery. Daily protein intake seems more than adequate, but could be distributed more evenly throughout the day.  相似文献   

Methodological considerations for the 3D measurement of the X-factor and lower trunk movement in golf     

Christopher Joyce  Angus Burnett  Kevin Ball 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):206-221

It is believed that increasing the X-factor (movement of the shoulders relative to the hips) during the golf swing can increase ball velocity at impact. Increasing the X-factor may also increase the risk of low back pain. The aim of this study was to provide recommendations for the three-dimensional (3D) measurement of the X-factor and lower trunk movement during the golf swing. This three-part validation study involved; (1) developing and validating models and related algorithms (2) comparing 3D data obtained during static positions representative of the golf swing to visual estimates and (3) comparing 3D data obtained during dynamic golf swings to images gained from high-speed video. Of particular interest were issues related to sequence dependency. After models and algorithms were validated, results from parts two and three of the study supported the conclusion that a lateral bending/flexion-extension/axial rotation (ZYX) order of rotation was deemed to be the most suitable Cardanic sequence to use in the assessment of the X-factor and lower trunk movement in the golf swing. The findings of this study have relevance for further research examining the X-factor its relationship to club head speed and lower trunk movement and low back pain in golf.  相似文献   

The Sociological Implications of the Education Reform Act     

Stephen Ball 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1990,11(4):485-491

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Visually impaired children: Development and implications for education     

Michael J. Tobin  Nick Bozic  Graeme Douglas  John Greaney  Stuart Ross 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1997,12(4):431-447

This paper examines some of the models used for conceptualizing the possible developmental implications of blindness and severe visual impairment. It takes up the question of the significance in infancy of certain skills and proficiencies, especially motor, that may be impeded by the lack of vision. The paper then addresses such issues for the school age child as access to literacy, with the emphasis being on ways of mitigating the potentially educationally handicapping consequences of visual disability. Educational technology is cited as one of the principal means available to teachers for meeting these challenges, and examples are given of procedures and devices that are being explored. A central argument is that for psychologists, teachers, and educational technologists the search must be to pinpoint the specific and changing needs of the individual learner.  相似文献   

How Can I Tell the Truth?     

Nick Eastmond  Robert Hayden 《TechTrends》2006,50(3):13-13

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Re-assembling knowledge production with(out) the university     

Chris Muellerleile  Nick Lewis 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2019,17(1):1-10

ABSTRACT

As an introduction to the themed issue, this paper interrogates the idea of university unbundling through a critical reading of Ronald Coase’s theory of transaction costs. Coase, who was initially interested in the structure of firms, later applied his transaction cost theory more broadly to anything that might be defined as ‘welfare’. Not unlike other abstract economic theories, in the age of market discipline, Coase’s ideas have been widely employed to regulate the provision of public goods. Read through Coase, the main effect of the unbundling discourse has been to rationalise the university – to make it subject to a logic of efficiency as an end, and ultimately we suspect, to do damage to universities as important institutions for the cultivation of democratic values and socio-economic justice. After a brief summary of the other six papers included in the issue, the paper concludes with a discussion of the possibility of maintaining a public university in light of the neoliberal discourse of unbundling.  相似文献   

Perspectives on pedagogical change: instructor and student experiences of a newly implemented undergraduate engineering dynamics curriculum*     

David Evenhouse  Nimit Patel  Maria Gerschutz  Nick A. Stites  Jeffrey F. Rhoads  Edward Berger 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2018,43(5):664-678

Engineering education has been slow to adopt research-based educational innovations. Few prior works on such adoption have investigated the combined classroom experiences of instructors and students when such innovations are being implemented. Therefore, this work focuses on the lived experiences of an instructor and her students when adopting an active, blended, and collaborative learning environment, known as Freeform, in a second-year dynamics course. Weekly reflections from the instructor were processed alongside student interviews using Thematic Analysis to discern prominent themes in their perspectives for comparison and discussion. The results indicate that the instructor navigated internal tensions between her previous instructional preferences and the philosophy and resources of Freeform. Similarly, students had to adapt to this new philosophy and suite of resources that were uncommon for their institution. Ultimately, this work highlights the contextual natures of teaching and learning, and how situational factors can influence educational innovation.  相似文献   

The applicability of selected evaluation models to evolving investigative designs     

Nick L. Smith  Diane M. Hauer 《Studies in Educational Evaluation》1990,16(3)

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