Neuromyths Among Teachers and Student Teachers          下载免费PDF全文

Eric Tardif  Pierre‐André Doudin  Nicolas Meylan 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2015,9(1):50-59

Many so‐called brain‐based educational approaches have been strongly criticized for their lack of empirical support and occasionally for their use of pseudoscientific concepts. As a result, several use the term neuromyths to refer to false beliefs or misinterpretations regarding neuroscientific facts. We surveyed both teachers and student teachers concerning their agreement toward hemispheric dominance, modality dominance, and the Brain Gym© method. Results suggest that teachers as well as student teachers believe in the reality of hemispheric and modality dominance but only a few were aware of the Brain Gym© method. Correlation analyses show moderate relationships across different beliefs and/or their perceived benefits in education. Teachers believed more than student teachers in hemispheric dominance and its pedagogical relevance. Together with other studies, the results suggest that teachers and student teachers could benefit from appropriate training in this new field of research.  相似文献   

DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND USE OF A GREEK-LANGUAGE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ASSESSING LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS IN GRADE 10 CHEMISTRY CLASSES     

Maria Giallousi  Vassilios Gialamas  Nicolas Spyrellis  Evangelia A. Pavlatou 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2010,8(4):761-782

This study describes the development and validation of a Greek-language instrument that can be used to assess grade 10 students' perceptions of their chemistry classroom environment as a means of showing differences between chemistry learning environments in Greece (Attica) and Cyprus. The development of the instrument was based on available learning environment questionnaires. The questionnaire was administered to 1,394 students from 49 chemistry classes in Attica, and the resulting data were analyzed to explore the reliability and the validity of the new instrument. The validated questionnaire was administered to 225 students from 15 classes in urban areas of Cyprus. The data analyses supported the questionnaire's internal consistency, discriminant validity, and ability to differentiate between classrooms. Effect sizes and independent samples t test analyses revealed differences between the two samples. Cypriot students viewed their chemistry classroom environment more favorably than did the Attica students. A possible cause for this difference could be the knowledge-centered aspect of the grade 10 chemistry curriculum in Greece compared to the corresponding tool-instrumental knowledge curriculum in Cyprus.  相似文献   

Comparing ActiGraph equations for estimating energy expenditure in older adults     

Nicolas Aguilar-Farias  G.M.E.E. Peeters  Robert J Brychta  Kong Y Chen  Wendy J Brown 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):188-195

Accurate estimation of energy expenditure (EE) from accelerometer outputs remains a challenge in older adults. The aim of this study was to validate different ActiGraph (AG) equations for predicting EE in older adults. Forty older adults (age = 77.4 ± 8.1 yrs) completed a set of household/gardening activities in their residence, while wearing an AG at the hip (GT3X+) and a portable calorimeter (MetaMax 3B – criterion). Predicted EEs from AG were calculated using five equations (Freedson, refined Crouter, Sasaki and Santos-Lozano (vertical-axis, vectormagnitude)). Accuracy of equations was assessed using root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean bias. The Sasaki equation showed the lowest RMSE for all activities (0.47 METs) and across physical activity intensities (PAIs) (range 0.18–0.48 METs). The Freedson and Santos-Lozano equations tended to overestimate EE for sedentary activities (range: 0.48 to 0.97 METs), while EEs for moderate-to-vigorous activities (MVPA) were underestimated (range: ?1.02 to ?0.64 METs). The refined Crouter and Sasaki equations showed no systematic bias, but they respectively overestimated and underestimated EE across PAIs. In conclusion, none of the equations was completely accurate for predicting EE across the range of PAIs. However, the refined Crouter and Sasaki equations showed better overall accuracy and precision when compared with the other methods.  相似文献   

Differential effects of endurance and resistance training on central fatigue     

Triscott S  Gordon J  Kuppuswamy A  King N  Davey N  Ellaway P 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(9):941-951

The effect of long-term endurance and resistance training on central fatigue has been studied using transcranial magnetic stimulation by exercising the biceps brachii to exhaustion and recording motor-evoked potentials from the non-exercised homologous biceps. Three groups of eight healthy individuals took part: two groups of individuals who had more than 8 years of athletic training in either an endurance or resistance sport, and a group of controls. The size of a motor-evoked potential (area of averaged rectified response) was significantly depressed in all three groups in the non-exercised arm after exhaustive exercise of the opposite arm. Recovery of motor-evoked potentials occurred earlier in endurance athletes (20 min) than in control participants (30 min) and resistance athletes (>30 min). Dexterity and maximum voluntary contraction of the biceps for the non-exercised arm were not depressed in any group. In a separate session, the limit of endurance time for the biceps was reduced significantly following exhaustive exercise of the biceps of the other arm for resistance athletes and control participants, whereas there was no change in the endurance athletes. Our findings suggest that athletic training has an effect on the mechanism of central fatigue that may be specific to the nature of training.  相似文献   

Skydiving as emotion regulation: the rise and fall of anxiety is moderated by alexithymia     

Woodman T  Cazenave N  Le Scanff C 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2008,30(3):424-433

We investigated alexithymia and the fluctuation of anxiety in skydiving women. Alexithymia significantly moderated the pre- to postjump fluctuation of state anxiety such that only alexithymic skydivers' anxiety diminished as a consequence of performing a skydive. This suggests that skydiving is an effective means of emotion regulation for alexithymic women. However, the significant rise in anxiety shortly after landing suggests that any emotional benefits are short-lived. No anxiety fluctuations emerged for nonalexithymic skydivers. The Alexithymia x Time interaction remained significant when controlling for age, experience, and trait anxiety. Results are discussed in terms of the potential dependence on risk-taking activities for alexithymic women.  相似文献   

Of `Small Men', Big Science and Bigger Business: The Second World War and Biomedical Research in the United States   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nicolas Rasmussen 《Minerva》2002,40(2):115-146

The Second World War is commonly said to have ushered in theera of `big science' in the United States. However, at least inpractically-oriented biomedical research, the American governmentadopted modes of sponsorship that were commonplace between scientistsand industry before the war. Furthermore, many life scientistsleading wartime projects were already familiar with industrialcollaboration. This essay argues that the new federal regimes introduced in the late 1940s and 1950s were more important than wartime experience in shaping the character of biomedical `big science' in the United States during the second half of thetwentieth century.  相似文献   

The use of online electronic information resources in scientific research: The case of neuroscience     

Nicolas Vibert  Jean-Franois Rouet  Christine Ros  Mlanie Ramond  Bruno Deshoullieres 《Library & information science research》2007,29(4):508-532

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Creativity in education: an experiment     

Nicolas Malleson 《Higher Education Quarterly》1965,20(1):105-108

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Using implicit measures to highlight science teachers’ implicit theories of intelligence     

Nicolas Mascret  Peggy Roussel  François Cury 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2015,30(3):269-280

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Factorial structure of the New Ecological Paradigm scale in two French samples     

Ghozlane Fleury-Bahi  Aurore Marcouyeux  Elise Renard  Nicolas Roussiau 《Environmental Education Research》2015,21(6):821-831

The principal objective of this research is to test the factorial structure of the New Ecological Paradigm scale on a population of men and women residing in France. The tested model is a second-order factorial model. This factorial structure is evaluated on two separate samples to test the stability of the solution (a first sample of 253 participants, diversified in terms of age and socioprofessional category, and a second sample of 266 students). The results confirm the existence of a second-order factorial structure in which environmental beliefs, measured based on 13 items taken from the New Ecological Paradigm scale, would constitute a homogeneous system of beliefs supported in five distinct dimensions.  相似文献