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排序方式: 共有173条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Li Niu Joshua Brown Lindsay Till Hoyt Anthony Salandy Anne Nucci-Sack Viswanathan Shankar Robert D. Burk Nicolas F. Schlecht Angela Diaz 《Child development》2021,92(4):1421-1438
This study examines associations between childhood maltreatment and developmental trajectories of sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) in a sample of 882 sexually active adolescent girls, predominantly Hispanic or Black, assessed every 6 months between 13 and 23 years. Latent profile analyses revealed four distinct maltreatment profiles: Low Maltreatment (76%), Moderate Emotional Neglect Only (15%), Severe Physical/Emotional Abuse (3%), and Severe Sexual Abuse (6%). Multilevel growth analyses showed the Moderate Emotional Neglect Only and Severe Sexual Abuse profiles exhibited more SRBs starting in late adolescence, and the Severe Sexual Abuse profile also exhibited a faster increase than the Low Maltreatment profile. Understanding heterogeneity within maltreated populations may have important implications for healthy sexual development. 相似文献
82.
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether playing a specific ball sport, such as tennis, could maintain the coincidence-timing (CT) performance of older adults at a similar level to that of younger ones. To address this question, tennis players and nonplayers of three different age ranges (ages 20-30, 60-70, and 70-80 years) performed a simple CT task consisting of timing their response (pressing a button) to coincide with the arrival of a stimulus at a target. The stimulus moved at either an accelerating, constant, or decelerating velocity. As expected, all participants were affected by the velocity manipulation, which led to late and early responses to accelerating and decelerating stimuli, respectively. Whereas this response bias was increasingly pronounced with advancing age in nonplayers, no difference was found among player groups of different ages. Finally, we showed that the length of the visuomotor delay could explain the effect of nonconstant velocities. 相似文献
83.
The complex route to success: complex problem-solving skills in the prediction of university success
Successful completion of a university degree is a complex matter. Based on considerations regarding the demands of acquiring a university degree, the aim of this paper was to investigate the utility of complex problem-solving (CPS) skills in the prediction of objective and subjective university success (SUS). The key finding of this study was that CPS was not only strongly correlated to objective university success but also explained university grade point averages (GPA) of N?=?78 German business students even after intelligence and high-school GPA were controlled for. In addition, priority setting while working on a complex problem explained self-rated SUS. Given this incremental validity over the most established predictors of objective university success and its versatility, we argue that CPS may be a valuable addition to existing predictors in university applicant selection. 相似文献
84.
Mathieu C. Morissette Nicolas Murray Julie Turmel Julie Milot Louis-Philippe Boulet 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(5):569-576
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of 8-isoprostane (8-IsoP) in the airways of competitive swimmers at baseline and after a swimming session according to their airway responsiveness. Methods: Twenty-three swimmers and six lifeguards had a baseline spirometry and bronchoprovocative challenges. During a second visit, swimmers performed a usual swimming session while lifeguards stayed in the same pool environment for the same time period. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured before and 5 min after the end of the session. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was sampled before and 10 min after the session and EBC 8-IsoP levels were analysed by enzyme immunoassay. Change in EBC 8-IsoP from baseline to post-swimming session was calculated. Results: We observed no relationships between airway hyper-responsiveness and 8-IsoP values before or after swimming in swimmers. The levels of 8-IsoP were significantly higher after the training session (mean value 2.9, s?=?0.5 pg?mL?1) than at baseline (mean value 1.9, s?=?0.4 pg?mL?1) in swimmers only (p?=?.012). EBC 8-IsoP levels after the swimming session significantly correlated with the percent change in FEV1 after swimming. Conclusions: EBC 8-IsoP levels were increased after training in swimmers but not in lifeguards, suggesting that exercise-induced hyperpnoea in a chlorinated pool environment increases airways oxidative stress. 相似文献
85.
Nicolas Mascret Jean-Louis Falconetti François Cury 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(3):358-364
Sport ability may be seen as relatively stable, genetically determined and not easily modified by practice, or as increasable with training, work and effort. Using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the purpose of the present study is to examine whether the practice of a particular sport (swimming or basketball) can influence automatic beliefs about sport ability in these two sports. The IAT scores evidence that swimmers and basketball players automatically and implicitly associate their own sport with training rather than genetics, whereas non-sportspersons have no significant automatic association. This result is strengthened when perceived competence and intrinsic motivation in swimming or basketball are high. 相似文献
86.
87.
Mark A. Williams Julian D. Ward Paul Ward Nicolas J. Smeeton 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):428-433
Abstract Initial performance, final performance, and the amount of learning in 50 trials of the rho test motor performance task were obtained on 120 boys and girls, aged 10 and 14. Initial and final performance showed significant age, sex, and age w/i sex differences. The amount of learning showed no differences. 相似文献
88.
Digital piracy, although negatively altering the recorded music market, has a positive impact on other segments of the music market, such as live music or ancillary goods, because it generates a positive externality benefiting those activities. Through a 2-player strategic game between a record company and an artist, this study shows that a renegotiation of music contracts could allow the internalizing of this positive externality, while being welfare-improving for both record companies and artists. This study also shows, however, that pervasive piracy is not desirable for an artist. 相似文献
89.
90.
This experiment was designed to investigate whether and how decreasing the amount of attentional focus invested in postural control could affect bipedal postural control. Twelve participants were asked to stand upright as immobile as possible on a force platform in one control condition and one cognitive condition. In the latter condition, they performed a short-term digit-span memory task. Decreased center-of-gravity displacements and decreased center-of-foot-pressure displacements minus center-of-gravity displacements were observed in the cognitive condition relative to the control condition. These results suggest that shifting the attentional focus away from postural control by executing a concurrent attention-demanding task could increase postural performance and postural efficiency. 相似文献