COMMENTARY     

Laurence Steinberg 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2007,72(2):76-80

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Rolling Back Zero Tolerance: The Effect of Discipline Policy Reform on Suspension Usage and Student Outcomes     

Johanna Lacoe  Matthew P. Steinberg 《Peabody Journal of Education》2018,93(2):207-227

Beginning in the early 1990s, states and districts enacted zero-tolerance discipline policies that relied heavily on out-of-school suspensions. Recently, districts nationwide have revised these policies in favor of more tempered disciplinary responses. In 2012–2013, Philadelphia reformed its discipline policy to limit suspensions for nonviolent student misconduct and granted principals greater discretion in responding to more serious occurrences of student misconduct. Employing a difference-in-differences approach, we find that Philadelphia's reform resulted in a modest decline in suspensions for nonviolent infractions in the year of reform; however, total suspensions remained unchanged while serious incidents of student misconduct increased. Further, the truancy rate increased and district math and English language arts achievement declined following the policy reform. These findings should inform policymakers and practitioners on the implications of district-level reforms for suspension usage and the potential consequences for student outcomes.  相似文献   

Situational specificity makes the difference in assessment of youth behavior disorders     

Paul A. McDermott  Carrie M. Steinberg  Lauren E. Angelo 《Psychology in the schools》2005,42(2):121-136

In this article we examine the ability of contextual information to enhance assessment of behavior problems in schools. Capitalizing on the multisituational structure of the Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents, exploratory and confirmatory analyses with a representative national sample (N = 1,400, ages 5–17 years) revealed three unique and reliable behavioral situtypes (problems in Peer Contexts, Academic Contexts, and Teacher Contexts). The situtypes were found internally consistent and structurally generalizable across age, sex, and ethnicity. Multiple logistic and discriminant analyses confirmed the ability of the situtypes to identify accurately those youth independently diagnosed as emotionally disturbed, as well as distinguish those diagnosed as learning disabled. Information gleaned from the situtypes was substantially better able than conventional psychopathology syndromes (attention‐deficit hyperactivity, oppositional defiance, etc.) to forecast later academic achievement. Implications for informing motivation and intervention are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 121–136, 2005.  相似文献   

Authoritative parenting, psychosocial maturity, and academic success among adolescents   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

L Steinberg  J D Elmen  N S Mounts 《Child development》1989,60(6):1424-1436

The over-time relation between 3 aspects of authoritative parenting--acceptance, psychological autonomy, and behavioral control--and school achievement was examined in a sample of 120 10-16-year-olds in order to test the hypothesis that authoritative parenting facilitates, rather than simply accompanies, school success. In addition, the mediating role of youngsters' psychosocial maturity was studied. Results indicate that (1) authoritative parenting facilitates adolescents' academic success, (2) each component of authoritativeness studied makes an independent contribution to achievement, and (3) the positive impact of authoritative parenting on achievement is mediated at least in part through the effects of authoritativeness on the development of a healthy sense of autonomy and, more specifically, a healthy psychological orientation toward work. Adolescents who describe their parents as treating them warmly, democratically, and firmly are more likely than their peers to develop positive attitudes toward, and beliefs about, their achievement, and as a consequence, they are more likely to do better in school.  相似文献   

Multiple-Choice Models: The Distractors Are Also Part of the Item     

David Thissen  Lynne Steinberg  Anne R. Fitzpatrick 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1989,26(2):161-176

This paper describes an item response model for multiple-choice items and illustrates its application in item analysis. The model provides parametric and graphical summaries of the performance of each alternative associated with a multiple-choice item; the summaries describe each alternative's relationship to the proficiency being measured. The interpretation of the parameters of the multiple-choice model and the use of the model in item analysis are illustrated using data obtained from a pilot test of mathematics achievement items. The use of such item analysis for the detection of flawed items, for item design and development, and for test construction is discussed.  相似文献   

Parenting Practices and Peer Group Affiliation in Adolescence   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

B. Bradford Brown  Nina Mounts  Susie D. Lamborn  Laurence Steinberg 《Child development》1993,64(2):467-482

Social scientists have often assumed that parental influence is sharply curtailed at adolescence because of the rising counterinfluence of peer groups, over which parents have little control. The present study tested a conceptual model that challenged this view by arguing that parents retain a notable but indirect influence over their teenage child's peer associates. Data from a sample of 3,781 high school students (ages 15–19) indicated that specific parenting practices (monitoring, encouragement of achievement, joint decision making) were significantly associated with specific adolescent behaviors (academic achievement, drug use, self-reliance), which in turn were significantly related to membership in common adolescent crowds (jocks, druggies, etc.). Findings encourage investigators to assess more carefully parents' role in adolescents' peer group affiliations.  相似文献   

民族地区实现"以学生为中心"教学改革应注意的几个问题研究     

朱黎莉 《康定民族师范高等专科学校学报》2006,15(4):44-47

本文通过对康定县瓦斯小学进行“以学生为中心”教学改革的实证分析，对“以学生为中心”的教育理念进行了重新解读。民族地区进行“以学生为中心”的教学改革应当做好五个方面的文章，实现四个方面的目标。实行“以学生为中心”的关键是转变教师角色；如果不稳定教师队伍和提高教师的素质，民族地区实现“以学生为中心”就会成为一句空话。“以学生为中心”的改革是一项任务艰巨而又意义重大的系统工程，不仅在教学上要进行改革，而且在学校管理、制度建设等方方面面都必须进行改革。  相似文献   

Age differences in strategic planning as indexed by the tower of London     

Albert D  Steinberg L 《Child development》2011,82(5):1501-1517

The present study examined age differences in performance on the Tower of London, a measure of strategic planning, in a diverse sample of 890 individuals between the ages of 10 and 30. Although mature performance was attained by age 17 on relatively easy problems, performance on the hardest problems showed improvements into the early 20s. Furthermore, whereas age-related performance gains by children and adolescents (ages 10-17) on the hardest problems were partially mediated by maturational improvements in both working memory and impulse control, improved performance in adulthood (ages 18+) was fully mediated by late gains in impulse control. Findings support an emerging picture of late adolescence as a time of continuing improvement in planned, goal-directed behavior.  相似文献   

Extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors associated with injuries in young dancers aged 8-16 years     

Steinberg N  Siev-Ner I  Peleg S  Dar G  Masharawi Y  Zeev A  Hershkovitz I 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(5):485-495

In the present study, we tried to determine the association between joint ranges of motion, anatomical anomalies, body structure, dance discipline, and injuries in young female recreational dancers. A group of 1336 non-professional female dancers (age 8-16 years), were screened. The risk factors considered for injuries were: range of motion, body structure, anatomical anomalies, dance technique, and dance discipline. Sixty-one different types of injuries and symptoms were identified and later classified into four major categories: knee injuries, foot or ankle tendinopathy, back injuries, and non-categorized injuries. We found that 569 (42.6%) out of the 1336 screened dancers, were injured.The following factors were found to be associated with injuries (P < 0.05): (a) range of motion (e.g. dancers with hyper hip abduction are more prone to foot or ankle tendinopathies than dancers with hypo range of motion; (b) anatomical anomalies (scoliotic dancers manifested a higher rate of injuries than non-scoliotic dancers); (c) dance technique (dancers with incorrect technique of rolling-in were found to have more injuries than dancers with correct technique); (d) dance discipline (an association between time of practice en pointe and injury was observed); and (e) early age of onset of menarche decreased risk for an injury. No association between body structure and injury was found. Injuries among recreational dancers should not be overlooked, and therefore precautionary steps should be taken to reduce the risk of injury, such as screening for joint range of motion and anatomical anomalies. Certain dance positions (e.g. en pointe) should be practised only when the dancer has already acquired certain physical skills, and these practices should be time controlled.  相似文献   

Early Family and Child-Care Antecedents of Awakening Cortisol Levels in Adolescence     

Glenn I. Roisman  Elizabeth Susman  Kortnee Barnett-Walker  Cathryn Booth-LaForce  Margaret Tresch Owen  Jay Belsky  Robert H. Bradley  Renate Houts  Laurence Steinberg  The NICHD Early Child Care Research Network 《Child development》2009,80(3):907-920

This study examined early observed parenting and child-care experiences in relation to functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis over the long term. Consistent with the attenuation hypothesis, individuals ( n  =   863) who experienced: (a) higher levels of maternal insensitivity and (b) more time in child-care centers in the first 3 years of life had lower awakening cortisol levels at age 15. Associations were small in magnitude. Nonetheless, results were (a) additive in that both higher levels of maternal insensitivity and more experience with center-based care uniquely (but not interactively) predicted lower awakening cortisol, (b) not accounted for by later caregiving experiences measured concurrently with awakening cortisol at age 15 or by early demographic variables, and (c) not moderated by sex or by difficult temperament.  相似文献