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11.
Alfred Oftedal Telhaug Odd Asbjørn Mediås Petter Aasen 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(2):141-158
The theme of this article is education as nation building in the Scandinavian countries: Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Starting with an overview of their Social Democrat parties' ascension of to near hegemony immediately following the Second World War, and these parties' impact on education, we go on to sketch the interplay between general political trends and educational policies up to the present day. We examine the goals of educational policies, the governance of the primary school system and the instruments of governance. Five levels of governance are taken into account: central government, regional and local government, schools and, finally, what happens in the classroom. Attention is given to trends that the Scandinavian countries shared in particular periods and to the divergence between them. We conclude that the main trend up to now is towards deregulation, decentralisation and individualisation. 相似文献
12.
Eivind Aadland Gunnar Noer Odd Lennart Vikene 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2016,16(2):131-145
The aims of this study were to analyse recreational sea kayaking and touring incidents in Norway with a specific focus on wind conditions and to elaborate on practical implications for the prevention of future incidents. We included 49 incidents reported by the media between 2000 and 2014. Incidents occurred in various wind conditions, but most incidents (60%) occurred in moderate to strong breezes (9–14 m/s). Wind strength and direction were generally forecast accurately and conditions were mainly stable throughout the day of the incident. Thus, sea kayaking and touring incidents in Norway seem to happen in various wind conditions; however, paddlers should have been well informed and aware of the hazards they were facing. Future incidents could be prevented by increasing sea kayakers’ situation awareness through discussion of experts’ decision-making processes and the arrangement of situated learning experiences in realistic settings. 相似文献
13.
Odd Bringslid Gerardo Rodriguez Agustin De La Villa 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2007,32(1):9-20
In this article the main characteristics of the dMath project are introduced. With the mathematical modules developed within this project a new tool is made available to the different users as a support of the teaching and learning of mathematics in the context of EHEA and of the Bologna declaration. 相似文献
14.
Odd Bringslid 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2002,27(3):249-255
Interactive mathematics using mathematical notation on the Web have up to now not been possible. The development to the XML-standard MathML and also the use of JAVA servlet containers have made it possible to use the Web as an advanced calculator using numeric, graphic and symbolic mathematics interactively. In connection with mathematical e-learning for engineering students this will represent quite a quantum step. In many European countries both the number of students in mathematical courses generally and the number passing through the exams has reached a ‘dangerously’ low level and industry and schools are complaining. To meet this challenge the pedagogics and the methods of communicating mathematics will have to undergo an innovative process where new technology is important. The improvement of understanding mathematics by using interactive and personalized documents on the Web could reverse bad trends, and the problems associated with recruiting girls into engineering and mathematics also have to be emphasized through the selection of applications. 相似文献
15.
This article considers the role of diverse institutions in framing adult learning systems. The focus is on institutional characteristics and configurations in different countries and their potential impact on the extent of adult learning, as well as on inequalities in access to adult learning. Typologies of education and training systems as well as labour market and welfare systems are introduced in relation to specific particularities relevant to adult learning. An emphasis is placed on how institutions that are interwoven into several systems are relevant to adult learning. This is then considered and elaborated in the context of post-Socialist countries in order to highlight important nuances that are relevant to adult learning and skill formation systems. 相似文献
16.
Odd Nordhaug 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3-4):299-313
A possible approach to analyzing organizations as learning communities goes through the identification of structural learning barriers. In this article, a distinction is drawn between factors on the group‐level and the organization‐level that are in particular assumed to inhibit learning through acquisition, exchange and application of competences. The group‐level factors included embrace relationships between colleagues, team‐embedded competences, group norms, group think, and the structure and composition of teams. Organization‐level factors discussed comprise job design and work system, reward system, organizational culture and organizational design. 相似文献
17.
In this work, we present an evaluation of the performance and error robustness of RTP-based broadcast streaming of high-quality high-definition (HD) H.264/AVC video. Using a fully controlled IP test bed (Hillestad et al., 2005), we broadcast high-definition video over RTP/UDP, and use an IP network emulator to introduce a varying amount of randomly distributed packet loss. A high-performance network interface monitoring card is used to capture the video packets into a trace file. Purpose-built software parses the trace file, analyzes the RTP stream and assembles the correctly received NAL units into an H.264/AVC Annex B byte stream file, which is subsequently decoded by JVT JM 10.1 reference software. The proposed measurement setup is a novel, practical and intuitive approach to perform error resilience testing of real-world H.264/AVC broadcast applications. Through a series of experiments, we evaluate some of the error resilience features of the H.264/AVC standard, and see how they perform at packet loss rates from 0.01% to 5%. The results confirmed that an appropriate slice partitioning scheme is essential to have a graceful degradation in received quality in the case of packet loss. While flexible macroblock ordering reduces the compression efficiency about 1 dB for our test material, reconstructed video quality is improved for loss rates above 0.25%. 相似文献