The Many Faces of Human-Machine Interaction     

Philip Barker 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1986,17(1):74-80

Interactive processes are fundamental to all forms of training and learning activity. Within educational technology increasing use is being made of both simple and sophisticated machines as instructional aids. Because of their growing applicability in all areas of educational practice it is important to understand the basic nature of the interactive processes involved in using such machines. This paper provides an overview of the techniques and mechanisms of human-machine interaction and outlines the status of some ongoing research trends in this area.  相似文献   

Teacher motivation to implement an educational innovation: factors differentiating users and non-users of cooperative learning     

Philip C. Abrami  Catherine Poulsen  Bette Chambers 《教育心理学》2004,24(2):201-216

This study applied expectancy theory to integrate the numerous and disparate explanations that researchers and educators have proposed to account for teacher resistance to implementing cooperative learning as an educational innovation. The cooperative learning implementation questionnaire (CLIQ) contained 48 items grouped under three broad motivational categories: perceived value of the innovation, expectancy of success, and perceived cost. These items accounted for 42.3% of the total variance in self-reported use of cooperative learning among 933 teachers. Expectancy of success issues were most important in differentiating users and non-users, suggesting that increased emphasis on professional development should be used to enhance teachers' beliefs that they can succeed in implementing an innovation in their own context. This may require both follow-up support and adaptation of the innovation.  相似文献   

Mini-languages: a way to learn programming principles     

Peter Brusilovsky  Eduardo Calabrese  Jozef Hvorecky  Anatoly Kouchnirenko  Philip Miller 《Education and Information Technologies》1997,2(1):65-83

Mini-languages are a visually intuitive, simple and powerful way to introduce students to programming. They are a good foundation for general computer science instruction, provide insight into programming for the general population, and teach algorithmic thinking. The goal of the paper is to provide an extensive review of the mini-language approach to teaching programming. For different audiences and in different countries, the authors have extensive experience in design and application of mini-languages. We outline the problems that motivate the application of this approach, present a brief history, review several existing mini-languages, and provide discussion of lessons learned. In particular, we discuss how to choose a mini-language for a particular group of students and list some requirements for a successful application of a mini- language. We conclude with a discussion of possible future directions of the mini-language approach development  相似文献   

Developmental arrest at the logographic stage: impaired literacy functions in Klinefelter's XXXY syndrome     

Philip H.K. Seymour  Henryka M. Evans 《Journal of Research in Reading》1988,11(2):133-151

We report an analysis of reading and spelling processes in a case of developmental disability associated with a genetic anomaly (Klinefelter XXXY syndrome). The results are interpreted within the framework of a model of reading and spelling development (Frith, 1985). An almost complete absence of alphabetic functions was noted. Reading appeared to be based on a ‘logographic lexicon’ (Seymour & Elder, 1986), and spelling on a letter sequence generator which was modifiable by access to a limited store of word images.  相似文献   

Depicting Watt: contextualism,myopia and the long view     

Miller  David Philip 《Metascience》2020,29(3):377-383

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Validation of self-report measures of physical activity: a case study using the New Zealand Physical Activity Questionnaire     

Mackay LM  Schofield GM  Schluter PJ 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2007,78(3):189-196

Accurate measurement of physical activity is fundamentally important in epidemiological research of physical activity behavior A widely used telephone-based physical activity questionnaire was compared with other methods of administration and objective measures (pedometers and accelerometers) among 80 adults (43 women). The telephone questionnaire was comparable to both the self-administered form and international telephone-administered equivalent. Although moderate correlation coefficients with objective measures supported the use of the questionnaire, wide prediction intervals generated using Bland Altman methods highlighted large discrepancies between the measures, particularly in the moderate intensity category. These findings illustrate the limitations of correlation coefficients in validation studies and the inaccuracy of self-report questionnaires in measuring physical activity.  相似文献   

Competency-driven,component-based curriculum architecture     

Philip Friedlander 《Performance Improvement》1996,35(2):14-21

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Predictive validity of the K-ABC for exceptional preschoolers     

Janis M. Williams  Sylvia Voelker  Philip W. Ricciardi 《Psychology in the schools》1995,32(3):178-185

This 5-year follow-up study examined the predictive validity of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) for 39 children identified during preschool as exhibiting language impairment (n = 10), behavior control deficits (n = 13), or normal language and behavioral development (n = 16). Mean age at follow-up was 9.75 years. The results generally supported the predictive validity of the K-ABC (p<.001). However, analyses by group indicated that the relationship between baseline K-ABC and follow-up K-ABC, language, and achievement measures for the language-impaired subjects was weak (p>.05). Although these results must be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample size, they suggest that for young children likely to be referred as at risk for future learning problems, the K-ABC may not be useful for prediction of later cognitive skills. Implications for practitioners are discussed.  相似文献   

排名的困境     

菲利普·G·阿特巴赫  张东辉 《学位与研究生教育》2007,(7):11-12

分析了大学排行榜产生的原因,指出了大学排名活动中存在的问题,如评估指标的选取、大学的不同定位等,进而指出世界范围内的排名活动会加大英语国家大学的强势,不利于发展中国家大学的发展,并认为大学排名活动应以准确的评估和科学的指标体系作为基础。  相似文献   

Factorial Invariance of the Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale among Senior Women in the Nurses’ Health Study Cohort     

Heather A. Starnes  Meghan H. McDonough  Jeffrey S. Wilson  Daniel K. Mroczek  Francine Laden  Philip J. Troped 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2019,23(2):135-147

The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial invariance of the Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS-A) across subgroups based on demographic, health-related, behavioral, and environmental characteristics among Nurses’ Health Study participants (N = 2,919; age M = 73.0, SD = 6.9 years) living in California, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. A series of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate increasingly restrictive hypotheses of factorial invariance. Factorial invariance was supported across age, walking limitations, and neighborhood walking. Only partial scalar invariance was supported across state residence and neighborhood population density. This evidence provides support for using the NEWS-A with older women of different ages, who have different degrees of walking limitations, and who engage in different amounts of neighborhood walking. Partial scalar invariance suggests that researchers should be cautious when using the NEWS-A to compare older adults living in different states and neighborhoods with different levels of population density.  相似文献