Glycated nail proteins as a new biomarker in management of the South Kivu Congolese diabetics     

Philippe B. Katchunga  Patrick N. Mirindi  Antoine S. Kishabongo  Justin C. Cikomola  Socrate Bwanamdogo  Jan Philippé  Marijn M. Speeckaert  Joris R. Delanghe 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2015,25(3):469-473

Introduction

Diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa, based on blood analyses, are hampered by infrastructural and cultural reasons. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of glycated nail proteins for diabetes mellitus. The second aim was to compare the course of short- and long-term glycemic biomarkers after 6 months of antidiabetic treatment. These objectives should support our hypothesis that glycated nail proteins could be used as an alternative glycemic biomarker.

Materials and methods

This case-control study consisted of 163 black diabetics and 67 non-diabetics of the South Kivu (Democratic Republic of Congo). Diagnostic accuracy of glycated nail proteins was evaluated using ROC curve analysis. At the start of the study, glycated nail protein concentrations were compared between diabetics and non-diabetics, using a nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) colorimetric method. In a subgroup of 30 diabetics, concentrations of glycated nail proteins, fasting glucose (Accu-Chek® Aviva), serum fructosamine (NBT) and HbA1c (DCA-2000+®) were measured at start and after 6 months.

Results

ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.76) and a cut-off point of 3.83 μmol/g nail. Concentration of glycated nail proteins was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in diabetics in comparison with non-diabetics. After 6 months of antidiabetic treatment, a significant drop in the fasting glucose concentration (P = 0.017) and concentration of glycated nail proteins (P = 0.008) was observed in contrast to serum fructosamine and HbA1c.

Conclusions

Measurement of glycated nail proteins could be used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa.Key words: fasting glucose concentration, fructosamine, hemoglobin A1c protein, nails, sub-Saharan Africa, diabetes mellitus  相似文献   

Notes on Contributors     

Fay Gasparini  Malcolm Vick 《History of education》2013,42(1):141-143

Place is material, conceptual and symbolic. Physically, the Library at Townsville College of Advanced Education was central, visible and distinctive. Internally, it provided a dramatically different environment from other college buildings. It functioned as the (metaphorical) ‘hub’ of the external studies programme and, when the college was under threat, it formed a symbolic rallying point.  相似文献   

Cricket,school and empire: E.W. Hornung and his Young Guard     

Malcolm Tozer 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(2):156-171

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‘White men can’t jump in a black basketball game?’ An exploratory investigation of implicit strategies of outgroup discrimination     

Rodolphe Perchot  Florent Mangin  Marie-Françoise Lacassagne  Philippe Castel 《Sport in Society》2017,20(11):1644-1666

Examining the ‘natural’ athlete myth and utilizing the recent literature on cultural/social factors in athleticism and basketball, this study through survey research examines the influence of stereotypes on the impression formation of basketball players. The primary research question is to determine from a group of students the attitudes of basketball players in terms of how they evaluate white and black players in basketball. The purpose is to identify participants’ perceptions and their appreciation as to whether or not black are superior to white basketball players. The theoretical framework employed is articulated around the theory of social categorization and racial stereotypes already observed in sports. In an initial qualitative phase, the results show that stereotypical representations exert an influence on the skills associated with basketball players depending on the colour of their skin, which is reflected in the use of adjectives specific to each of the categories of black and white. In a second quantitative phase, whereas a more favourable view of black basketball players might have been attributable to positive discrimination as per the anti-racist norm, the results show the activation of a bias towards favouring one’s own group. Once all of the initial adjectives have been expressed, the targets behave in the expected way in terms of the laws of social categorization i.e. they have a more positive view of the members of their own group (the Whites) than of the other group (the Blacks) as adjectives are cited for describing skills.  相似文献   

Assessment of the risk and biomechanical consequences of lateral epicondylalgia by estimating wrist and finger muscle capacities in tennis players     

Laurent Vigouroux  Benjamin Goislard de Monsabert  Chris Hayot  Philippe Androuet  Éric Berton 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(4):434-451

Previous studies suggested that a pronounced weakness of the extensor muscles relative to the flexor muscles could increase the risk of occurrence of lateral epicondylalgia. This study investigates this hypothesis by estimating the ratio of extensor to flexor muscle capacities among healthy non-players (n = 10), healthy tennis players (n = 20), symptomatic players (n = 6), and players who have recovered from lateral epicondylalgia (n = 6). Maximum net joint moments in flexion or extension were measured during seven tasks involving the voluntary contraction of wrist and fingers. Using these data, the muscle capacities of the main muscle groups of the hand (wrist flexors, wrist extensors, finger flexors, finger extensors, and intrinsic muscles) were estimated using a musculoskeletal model. These capacities were then used to compute the extensor/flexor capacity ratios about the wrist and the finger joints. Compared to healthy non-players, healthy players presented higher extensor muscle capacities and greater capacity ratios showing that playing tennis generates specific adaptations of muscle capacities. Interestingly, symptomatic players, similar to those of non-players, showed more imbalanced ratios than healthy players. These results confirm that the ratio of extensor/flexor muscle capacities seems to be associated with lateral epicondylalgia and can be further used to understand its incidence and consequences.  相似文献   

Factors associated with students' intentions to engage in science learning activities     

Malcolm B. Butler 《科学教学研究杂志》1999,36(4):455-473

The determinants of fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth graders' intentions to perform science learning activities were investigated. Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action was used to assess students (n = 254) on their laboratory and nonlaboratory behavioral intentions, which required using the two determinants included in the theory (attitude toward the behavior and subjective norm) as well as five external variables identified by the researcher. The five external variables were gender, grade, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status as determined by the range of the family's annual income, and attitude toward science. Two models were tested. The first model included the two determinants as predictor variables and behavioral intention as the criterion. The second model involved the analysis of the two determinants as they were considered in subgroups according to the five external variables. This model also included interaction terms. For laboratory learning activities, the two determinants (attitude toward behavior and subjective norm) were found to contribute collectively to the prediction of behavioral intention, accounting for almost a fourth of the variance. For nonlaboratory learning activities, the two determinants accounted for over a fourth of the variance in behavioral intention. Testing of the second model revealed that for both laboratory and nonlaboratory behavioral intentions, no interaction terms were significant. The results of post hoc tests on significant predictors of behavioral intentions for laboratory and nonlaboratory activities are reported. Implications of this study on future research are also discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 36: 455–473, 1999  相似文献   

State of the Arts     

Malcolm Ross  Maria Kamba 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》1998,17(2):197-200

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The Discovery Room     

Malcolm Arth  Linda Claremon 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1977,20(3):169-180

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Anthropogenic emission is the main contributor to the rise of atmospheric methane during 1993–2017     

Zhen Zhang  Benjamin Poulter  Sara Knox  Ann Stavert  Gavin McNicol  Etienne Fluet-Chouinard  Aryeh Feinberg  Yuanhong Zhao  Philippe Bousquet  Josep G Canadell  Anita Ganesan  Gustaf Hugelius  George Hurtt  Robert B Jackson  Prabir K Patra  Marielle Saunois  Lena Hglund-Isaksson  Chunlin Huang  Abhishek Chatterjee  Xin Li 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2022,9(5)

Atmospheric methane (CH₄) concentrations have shown a puzzling resumption in growth since 2007 following a period of stabilization from 2000 to 2006. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the temporal variations in CH₄ growth, and attribute the rise of atmospheric CH₄ either to increases in emissions from fossil fuel activities, agriculture and natural wetlands, or to a decrease in the atmospheric chemical sink. Here, we use a comprehensive ensemble of CH₄ source estimates and isotopic δ¹³C-CH₄ source signature data to show that the resumption of CH₄ growth is most likely due to increased anthropogenic emissions. Our emission scenarios that have the fewest biases with respect to isotopic composition suggest that the agriculture, landfill and waste sectors were responsible for 53 ± 13% of the renewed growth over the period 2007–2017 compared to 2000–2006; industrial fossil fuel sources explained an additional 34 ± 24%, and wetland sources contributed the least at 13 ± 9%. The hypothesis that a large increase in emissions from natural wetlands drove the decrease in atmospheric δ¹³C-CH₄ values cannot be reconciled with current process-based wetland CH₄ models. This finding suggests the need for increased wetland measurements to better understand the contemporary and future role of wetlands in the rise of atmospheric methane and climate feedback. Our findings highlight the predominant role of anthropogenic activities in driving the growth of atmospheric CH₄ concentrations.  相似文献   

The seminar—experiences and reflections     

Malcolm R. Lacey 《Higher Education Quarterly》1982,37(1):57-70

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