Appendix: the structure of the VCLL     

Sean F. Brown 《Sport in Society》2018,21(10):1641-1650

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Using History to Teach Invention and Design: The Case of the Telephone   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Gorman  Michael E.  Robinson  J. Kirby 《Science & Education》1998,7(2):173-201

This paper shows how a historical case, the invention of the telephone, can be used to teach invention and design in a way that combines engineering, social sciences, and humanities. The historical problem of transmitting speech was turned into an active learning module, in which students sought to improve patents obtained by early telephone inventors like Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray, using equipment similar to what was available at the time. The result was a collaborative learning environment in which students from a wide range of majors worked in teams, eventually producing a patent application. As part of the project, they were allowed to search historical materials like the Bell notebooks, which were made available on line. This experience gave them a better understanding of the invention and design process.  相似文献   

Early retention: Are there long-term beneficial effects?     

Amanda McCombs Thomas  Lisa Armistead  Tracy Kempton  Sean Lynch  Rex Forehand  Sarah Nousiainen  Bryan Neighbors  Lynne Tannenbaum 《Psychology in the schools》1992,29(4):342-347

The purpose of this study was to examine whether retention of kindergarten and first-grade children is associated with long-term beneficial effects. Thirty-one children who had been retained were compared to 31 children who had similar grades but had never been retained. The dependent measures were grade point average in the second through fifth grades and four teacher-assessed areas of functioning in the fourth and fifth grade: social competence, cognitive competence, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems. The results indicated that retention was not associated with long-term beneficial effects but rather, especially for White children, appeared to be associated with poorer academic and social functioning. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.  相似文献