A behavior systems view of responding to probe stimuli during an interfood clock     

Kathleen M. Silva  William Timberlake 《Learning & behavior》1998,26(3):313-325

Two experiments used a behavior systems approach to relate the form of responses during an interfood clock to the temporal distance of the individual clock stimuli to food. Stimuli proximate to food should better control a focal search mode and related responses, whereas stimuli temporally distant from food should better control a general search mode and related responses. Experiment 1 conditioned two groups of rats with a sequence of four equal-length 12-sec clock stimuli that terminated with food and then tested for the conditioning of a general search mode by presenting an unconditioned moving probe stimulus (either a rolling ball bearing or a rotating mechanical door) during each of the clock stimuli. Consistent with a behavior systems view, contact with the ball bearing was markedly greater during a clock stimulus distant from food. The absence of similar differential contact of the door across the clock stimuli showed that the effect was specific to the ball bearing rather than a general response to stimulus dimensions of movement and sound. Experiment 2 showed that the general search mode was controlled by the clock stimulus rather than the passage of time.  相似文献   

Assessing the Impact of a Ceremony in Honor of the Body Donors in the Development of Ethical and Humanistic Attitudes among Medical Students     

Andrea Oxley da Rocha  Joao Lins Maués  Gabriel Antônio Flores Chies  Ana Paula da Silva 《Anatomical sciences education》2020,13(4):467-474

Activities related to body donation programs, such as donor memorial ceremonies, provide the opportunity to complement student training, especially with regard to the ethical and humanistic elements involved in medical training. This study sought to assess the impact of a ceremony in honor of the body donors has on ethical and humanistic attitudes in medical students. Medical students were surveyed about their perceptions of changes in themselves, respect for donors and donor families, and their relationship with patients. The effect of the students' contact with the family of the donor was analyzed in students who had contact with the cadaver in the dissection room and had either participated or not participated in the donor memorial ceremony. A total of 370 questionnaires were answered by first-, second-, and third-year medical students at the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre in 2017. The students who participated in the ceremony presented more positive responses in relation to commitment to their studies, reflection on death, and positive development of empathy when compared to those who did not attend the ceremony. Most of the students that attended the ceremony suggested the event led to an improvement in the doctor–patient relationship. These results suggest that cadaver dissection with accompanied memorial ceremony involving contact with donor families is an effective means of fostering ethical and humanistic attitudes among medical students from the beginning of the course.  相似文献   

Menstrual cycle alters training strain,monotony, and technical training length in young     

Gislaine Cristina-Souza  Ana C. Santos-Mariano  Carla C. Souza-Rodrigues  Raul Osiecki  Sandro F. Silva  Adriano E. Lima-Silva 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(16):1824-1830

The menstrual cycle (MC) phases carry to several psychophysiological alterations; however, no study has investigated the impact of MC phases on training load or technical training. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the follicular phase (FP), ovulatory phase (OP), and luteal phase (LP) on training load and technical training in young athletes. Twelve female athletes performed regular daily training sessions with the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and duration being registered every session. Training impulse (TRIMP), monotony and strain were calculated. MC symptoms, RPE, and duration were also measured during technical training, which was carried out on a specific day during each phase. The TRIMP was not affected by MC phases during regular training (p > .05), but training monotony and strain were higher in FP compared to OP (p < .05). During the technical training, MC phases did not affect RPE (p > .05), but the session was longer in both FP and LP, compared to OP (p < .05). MC symptoms were exacerbated in FP compared to both OP and LP (p < .05). These findings suggest that MC disorders were elevated during FP, which indicate that monitoring MC phases might provide important feedbacks for programming training and expected results during competitions.  相似文献   

Concurrent Validity and Reliability of Alternative Computer Game for the Coincidence-Anticipation Timing Task     

Tânia Brusque Crocetta  Regiani Guarnieri  Thaís Massetti  Talita Dias da Silva  Renata Thaís de Almeida Barbosa  Jennifer Yohanna Ferreira de Lima Antão 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2019,23(2):169-185

The coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT) task assesses one facet of cognitive and motor performance and is used to understand the human visuo-motor system involved in intercepting the moving object. To assess the test–retest reliability and the concurrent validity in the Bridge Games package (Bridge) developed to assess the CAT task, the scores of 224 healthy subjects (M = 52.2, SD = 19.5 years old) were measured using the Bridge and the ‘gold standard’ Bassin Anticipation Timer (Bassin). A mean block of absolute, constant, and variable errors was calculated. Reliability and validity were expressed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC_2,k), standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and Pearson’s correlation. Reliability was good to excellent for all blocks (.73 ≤ ICC ≤ .88), and the validity was good to excellent when compared using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, suggesting that the two tests may have similar properties. Bridge is an alternative to existing clinical tests for the CAT task.  相似文献   

Resistance training prescription with different load-management methods improves phase angle in older women     

Alex S. Ribeiro  Brad J. Schoenfeld  Mariana F. Souza  Crisieli M. Tomeleri  Analiza M. Silva  Denílson C. Teixeira 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(7):913-921

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Hydroethanolic Extract of Grape Peel from Vitis labrusca Winemaking Waste: Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities     

Cristiana F. G. Silva  Victor Fattori  Caroline R. Tonetti  Marcos A. S. Ribeiro  Ricardo L. N. Matos  Jssica B. Carra  Eduardo C. Meurer  Elisa Y. Hirooka  Janice A. Rafael  Sandra R. Georgetti  Marcela M. Baracat  Waldiceu A. Verri  Jr  Nilton S. Arakawa 《Food Technology and Biotechnology》2022,60(1):21

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Learning through chemistry simulations: an analysis of cognitive skill levels     

da Silva  Renan Amorim  de Vasconcelos  Flávia Cristina Gomes Catunda 《Education and Information Technologies》2022,27(5):6967-6987

Education and Information Technologies - This paper presents an analysis of cognitive skill levels expressed in high school students’ performance using laboratory simulations. We address...  相似文献   

Lessons from the famous 17th-century paradox of the Chevalier de Méré     

José Daniel López-Barrientos  Eliud Silva  Enrique Lemus-Rodríguez 《Teaching Statistics》2023,45(1):36-44

We take advantage of a combinatorial misconception and the famous paradox of the Chevalier de Méré to present the multiplication rule for independent events; the principle of inclusion and exclusion in the presence of disjoint events; the median of a discrete-type random variable, and a confidence interval for a large sample. Moreover, we pay tribute to our original bibliographic sources by providing two computational tools to facilitate the students' insights on these topics.  相似文献   

Introducing medical students to radiological anatomy: The importance of experiential learning during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns     

Gustavo Bittencourt Camilo  Sérgio Murta Maciel  Gabriela Cumani Toledo Camilo  Kayan Felipe de Oliveira Andrade  Beatriz de Oliveira  Rayane da Silva Silveira  Isabella Nunes Borges Ferreira  Caroline da Silva Fernandes  Mariana Vilela Ferreira 《Anatomical sciences education》2022,15(5):980-984

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