SPECIFIC COGNITIVE PREDICTORS OF EARLY MATH PROBLEM SOLVING     

Scott L. Decker  Alycia M. Roberts 《Psychology in the schools》2015,52(5):477-488

Development of early math skill depends on a prerequisite level of cognitive development. Identification of specific cognitive skills that are important for math development may not only inform instructional approaches but also inform assessment approaches to identifying children with specific learning problems in math. This study investigated the specific cognitive correlates of math problem solving across early grade levels (1–4) while controlling for basic calculation skills. As expected, basic calculation skill was a significant predictor of math problem solving across the entire sample. However, the addition of cognitive measures almost doubled the variance explained (R² = .61). Additionally, only select cognitive variables contributed to the prediction of math problem solving, and these variables change in importance as children develop higher‐level math skills. Results are discussed within a developmental model, which emphasizes the increasing importance of abstract code representations required in higher levels of math performance.  相似文献   

Do We Fear Ageing? A Multidimensional Approach to Ageing Anxiety     

Robyn J. Brunton  Greg Scott 《Educational gerontology》2015,41(11):786-799

Ageing anxiety is the expression of peoples' fear of ageing (Lynch, 2000 Lynch, S. M. (2000). Measurement and prediction of aging anxiety. Research on Aging, 22(5), 533.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Despite greater longevity in the population, there is a lack of research into this aspect of life (Lasher &; Faulkender, 1993 Lasher, K. P., &; Faulkender, P. J. (1993). Measurement of aging anxiety: Development of the Anxiety about Aging Scale. The International Journal of Aging &; Human Development, 37(4), 247–259.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). This research explored fears of ageing across four dimensions: Fear of Old People, Physical Appearance, Psychological Concerns, and Fear of Losses. Three hundred and forty eight participants aged 18–88 participated in an online survey. Findings were: (a) men and women have different fears of ageing; (b) greater quality contact is related to less ageing anxiety; (c) poor health is related to greater ageing anxiety, (d) ageism, defined by Nelson (2005 Nelson, T. D. (2005). Ageism: Prejudice against our feared future self. Journal of Social Issues, 61(2), 207–221.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) as prejudice toward ageing is positively correlated with ageing anxiety. The implications of these findings are that better quality contact and more positive attitudes toward ageing are associated with less ageing anxiety. As such, possible key target areas in developing appropriate interventions are provided, with hope to prepare adults of all ages for the inevitable—life is a terminal illness, so enjoy while you can.  相似文献   

What are they asking? An analysis of the questions planned by prospective teachers when integrating literature in mathematics     

Barbara Purdum-Cassidy  Suzanne Nesmith  Rachelle D. Meyer  Sandi Cooper 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2015,18(1):79-99

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How students reason about matter flows and accumulations in complex biological phenomena: An emerging learning progression for mass balance     

Emily E. Scott  Jack Cerchiara  Jenny L. McFarland  Mary Pat Wenderoth  Jennifer H. Doherty 《科学教学研究杂志》2023,60(1):63-99

In recent years, there has been a strong push to transform STEM education at K-12 and collegiate levels to help students learn to think like scientists. One aspect of this transformation involves redesigning instruction and curricula around fundamental scientific ideas that serve as conceptual scaffolds students can use to build cohesive knowledge structures. In this study, we investigated how students use mass balance reasoning as a conceptual scaffold to gain a deeper understanding of how matter moves through biological systems. Our aim was to lay the groundwork for a mass balance learning progression in physiology. We drew on a general models framework from biology and a covariational reasoning framework from math education to interpret students' mass balance ideas. We used a constant comparative method to identify students' reasoning patterns from 73 interviews conducted with undergraduate biology students. We helped validate the reasoning patterns identified with >8000 written responses collected from students at multiple institutions. From our analyses, we identified two related progress variables that describe key elements of students' performances: the first describes how students identify and use matter flows in biology phenomena; the second characterizes how students use net rate-of-change to predict how matter accumulates in, or disperses from, a compartment. We also present a case study of how we used our emerging mass balance learning progression to inform instructional practices to support students' mass balance reasoning. Our progress variables describe one way students engage in three dimensional learning by showing how student performances associated with the practice of mathematical thinking reveal their understanding of the core concept of matter flows as governed by the crosscutting concept of matter conservation. Though our work is situated in physiology, it extends previous work in climate change education and is applicable to other scientific fields, such as physics, engineering, and geochemistry.  相似文献   

Small Circles: Mobile Telephony and the Cultivation of the Private Sphere     

Rich Ling  Johannes Bjelland  Pål Roe Sundsøy  Scott W. Campbell 《The Information Society》2014,30(4):282-291

This article examines how we use mobile telephony to maintain our physically and socially closest social circle. The analysis is based on traffic data gathered from Norway using approximately 24 million calls and texts made by private individuals. Previous research has shown that our temporal and spatial movement is highly predictable and that the majority of calls and text messages are sent to only four to six different persons. This article extends this research by examining both tie strength and the distance between the interlocutors in urban and rural settings. The findings show that even as information and communication technologies (ICTs) potentially put the world at our fingertips, the mobile phone is an instrument of a more limited geographical and social sphere. Approximately two-thirds of our calls/texts go to strong ties that are within a 25-km radius.  相似文献   

Organizational identity challenges in a post-merger context: A case study of an information system implementation project     

Dragos Vieru  Suzanne Rivard 《International Journal of Information Management》2014

This study examines the effects of the differences in organizational identities that emerged during a post-merger project that aimed at unifying the laboratory services of a large healthcare center that resulted from the merging of three hospitals by supporting them with a unique information system. We draw on the concepts of organizational identity and sensemaking to analyze the laboratory information system implementation project. Organizational identity is conceptualized as the mental representation that organizational members have of themselves as a social group in terms of practices, norms, and values and how they understand themselves to be different from members of other organizations. Data analysis suggests that divergent organizational identities and team members’ alternative interpretations of others’ practices, norms and organizational symbols, coexist during the post-merger integration phase. These interpretations are reflected in the final functionality of the information system that was different from the planned one.  相似文献   

A two-stage proxy variable approach to estimating movie box office receipts     

Frederick W. Derrick  Nancy A. Williams  Charles E. Scott 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2014,38(2):173-189

This paper advances the ongoing discussion of methods for predicting movie box office revenues with two contributions to the methodology and an out-of-sample test of the model. The first innovation is the development of a two-stage model using publicly available pre-release indicators to predict (1) initial week and (2) subsequent run box office revenues. To incorporate the experience-good nature of movies, the second stage is estimated by incorporating a proxy variable for box office success during the first week relative to predicted first week success. The second contribution is an empirical test of De Vany and Walls’ (J Econ Dyn Control 28:1035–1057, 2004) finding that the distribution of movie revenues has “heavy tails” and follows a non-Gaussian stable distribution with infinite variance. We estimate the two-stage model of a movie’s box office success on all general release movies in 1 year with both the Gaussian and stable distribution with heavy tails and infinite variance and find no evidence for the stable distribution in either stage of the estimation. This two-stage model is validated by comparing all general release movies in 3 future years (out-of-sample data) to the model’s predictions.  相似文献   

Cost Control for Nonprofits in Crisis. by G. Stevenson Smith     

Scott Sheidlower 《Public Services Quarterly》2013,9(3):251-252

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Problem‐solving method in teaching the social sciences     

R. Ray Scott 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(3):153-160

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Book reviews     

J. Bruce Francis  Michalina Vaughan  Colin Flood Page  Sally Tomlinson  R. A. Becher  Margaret C. Ives  John Urry  K. G. Collier  Meir Zadok  Charles Carter  Jürgen Schramm  Jean Barry  Graeme C. Moodie  Donald Bligh  R. A. King  D. G. Mulcahy  Peter Scott  F. R. Charmer  T. R. Bone  John A. Hughes  Roger Greenhough  Alec M. Ross  John Wakeford  Joyce Skinner  Duncan B. Nimmo  Cedric Cullingford  L. R. B. Elton 《Higher Education》1979,8(6):709-744

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