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11.
Sigrun K. Ertesv?g P?l Roland Grete S?rensen Vaaland Svein St?rksen Jarmund Veland 《Journal of Educational Change》2010,11(4):323-344
The Respect program is a whole school approach to prevent and reduce problem behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate
which conditions in schools helped them to continue the program successfully after the end of the 1-year implementation period.
The study also looked at the actual continuation after the program end. Especially, we looked at which strategies and structures
promoted change beyond the implementation phase. The project groups at four Norwegian schools implementing the program were
interviewed at the end of the implementation period and again 2? years later. The main findings suggest that involvement in
the Respect program enables schools to implement change. However, it is challenging for the schools to continue the work afterwards.
The one school that successfully continued the work after the program was characterized by strong and supportive leadership,
leadership at many levels, they made plans and saw them through, renewed activities and new members of staff were introduced
to and included in the work according to the program principles. These elements were more or less lacking at the other three
schools, at least after the active program period. A main finding is that a 1-year program period is not long enough for most
schools to implement and continue an extensive whole school program like Respect. 相似文献
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Jensen TK Gulbrandsen W Mossige S Reichelt S Tjersland OA 《Child abuse & neglect》2005,29(12):1395-1413
OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the context in which children were able to report their child sexual abuse experiences and the children's views as to what made it difficult to talk about abuse and what helped them in the disclosing process. The aim was to study disclosures as they were occurring in their natural settings. METHOD: Data were obtained from therapeutic sessions and follow-up interviews from 20 families with 22 children. These children had said something that made their caregivers concerned about ongoing child sexual abuse. Qualitative analysis was conducted to capture the children's and caregiver's perspectives of the disclosure process. RESULTS: The children felt it was difficult to find situations containing enough privacy and prompts that they could share their experiences. They also were sensitive to others reactions, and whether their disclosures would be misinterpreted. When the children did disclose they did it in situations where the theme of child sexual abuse was in some form addressed or activated. The results indicate that disclosure is a fundamentally dialogical process that becomes less difficult if the children perceive that there is an opportunity to talk, and a purpose for speaking, and a connection has been established to what they are talking about. CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult for children to initiate a conversation about something secret, confusing and distressful, and where there are few conversational routines in a family for talking about such themes. Children also are sensitive to the needs of their caregivers and fear consequences for their family and offender. Children need a supportive structure or scaffold in order to reveal their experiences of child sexual abuse. 相似文献
14.
Terje?Bruen?OlsenEmail author Svein?Kyvik Elisabeth?Hovdhaugen 《Tertiary Education and Management》2005,11(4):299-316
This paper analyses the outcome of a reform of the academic career structure in Norway. From 1993 on, associate professors
can apply for promotion to full professorships on the basis of individual research competence irrespective of vacant professorships.
This has now become a more important way of attaining a full professorship than through competition with other applicants.
Only 30% of new professors are appointed the traditional way. The reform has led to a substantial increase in the number of
full professors in the university sector, from 37% of the tenured academic staff in 1991 to 47% in 2001. 相似文献
15.
Svein Størksen Thormod Idsoe Erling Roland 《Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties》2013,18(2):145-158
This study investigated whether secondary schools in Norway had deviant subcultures, which could be labelled ‘schoolyard corner society’, and how gender and age were related to membership. We also studied levels of reactive and proactive aggressiveness in students, and the relationship between these types of aggressiveness and participation in schoolyard corner societies. Self-reported data were collected from a large, nationally representative sample of Norwegian eighth, ninth and tenth graders (n?=?3342, 1147 boys and 1256 girls). Findings showed that participation in schoolyard corner societies was significantly associated with age, indicating an increasing tendency over time. Reactive aggressiveness as well as power-related and affiliation-related proactive aggressiveness predicted participation to a substantial degree. We also found an interaction between age and affiliation-related proactive aggressiveness in their effects on participation in schoolyard corner societies, which indicates a slight decrease in the effect of proactive aggression over time. 相似文献
16.
AbstractThe Youth Olympic Games (YOG) were established as a new event in the Olympic family at a session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in July 2007. This paper illuminates why and how this new event was established. It turns out that the formally unanimous decision to establish the event was taken in a contested terrain. Much attention has been put on the agency of the then president of the IOC, Jacques Rogge, and his role as an institutional leader is discussed in a context where the pressure of tradition is strong. Securing the character of an organization which has become an institution is a central task for institutional leadership, and developing an ‘external mechanism’ or a new subfield like the YOG is a way to explore this. Appealing to original ideas and values, such as the educational role of the games, is of importance but would in itself not be enough to convince the fellow members of the IOC’s decision-making bodies. Acting politically as a ‘statesman’ with the skills and ability to manoeuvre among different interests and wills was equally a necessity to convince the decision makers to welcome this new event into the Olympic movement. 相似文献
17.
The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for a comparative analysis of Higher Education policies that enables us to investigate the explanatory power of structural characteristics of politico-administrative systems. The policies that are studied aim at improving the efficiency and quality of institutional performance. The paper focuses on policy trends in higher education in the eight countries in the study. It discusses how the literature on comparative political and administrative systems can help formulate assumptions about public policy making and policy change. The ideas that are developed are then applied to public reform policies in general and in the area of higher education in particular, followed by a test of the assumptions on available data on reform outcomes in the countries involved. The data indicate that a comparative politico-administrative perspective is potentially useful with regard to explaining cross national variation in higher education reform policies in Europe. 相似文献
18.
Hallgeir Halvari Svein Olav Ulstad Tor Egil Bagøien Knut Skjesol 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(6):533-555
The purpose of the present study was to test a Self‐Determination Theory (SDT) process model in relation to involvement in physical activity and competitive performance among students (N = 190). In this model, perceived autonomy support from teachers and coaches was expected to be positively related to autonomous motivation, perceived competence, harmonious passion and action orientation, and that they would be positively related to involvement in physical activity and competitive performance. In using LISREL to test the model, autonomy support was positively linked with perceived competence, autonomous motivation, and action orientation. In turn, perceived competence (through harmonious passion), autonomous motivation, and action orientation were all positively associated with involvement in physical activity, whereas perceived competence and autonomous motivation were positively correlated with competitive performance. 相似文献
19.
Thomas Haugen Espen Tonnessen Svein Leirstein Erlend Hem Stephen Seiler 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(20):1979-1986
AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of training at an intensity eliciting 90% of maximal sprinting speed on maximal and repeated-sprint performance in soccer. It was hypothesised that sprint training at 90% of maximal velocity would improve soccer-related sprinting. Twenty-two junior club-level male and female soccer players (age 17 ± 1 year, body mass 64 ± 8 kg, body height 174 ± 8 cm) completed an intervention study where the training group (TG) replaced one of their weekly soccer training sessions with a repeated-sprint training session performed at 90% of maximal sprint speed, while the control group (CG) completed regular soccer training according to their teams’ original training plans. Countermovement jump, 12 × 20-m repeated-sprint, VO2max and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test were performed prior to and after a 9-week intervention period. No significant between-group differences were observed for any of the performance indices and effect magnitudes were trivial or small. Before rejecting the hypothesis, we recommend that future studies should perform intervention programmes with either stronger stimulus or at other times during the season where total training load is reduced. 相似文献
20.
Svein Arne Pettersen Peter Krustrup Mads Bendiksen Morten Bredsgaard Randers Joao Brito Jens Bangsbo 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(20):1958-1965
AbstractThe study examined the effect of caffeine supplementation on match activities and development of fatigue during a football match. In a randomised, double-blind cross-over design, two experimental football games separated by 7 days were organised between the junior teams of two professional football clubs (17.6 ± 1.1 years (±s), 71.7 ± 6.9 kg, 13.9% ± 5.0% body fat). The players ingested either a capsule of 6 mg · kg?1 b.w. caffeine or placebo (dextrose) 65 min prior to the matches. Match activities were assessed using the ZXY match analysis system, and a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test–level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) was conducted immediately post-game. Heart rate was monitored throughout the game, and blood samples were obtained at baseline, half-time and after the game. There were no differences between caffeine and placebo regarding total distance covered (10,062 ± 916 vs 9854 ± 901 m), high-intensity running (557 ± 178 vs 642 ± 240 m), sprinting distance (109 ± 58 vs 112 ± 69 m) or acceleration counts (123 ± 31 vs 126 ± 24). In both trials, players displayed lower (P < 0.05) values in total distance and acceleration counts in the last 15 min compared to all other 15-min periods of the matches. Post-game Yo-Yo IR2 performance was not different between game trials (caffeine: 829 ± 322 m; placebo 819 ± 289 m). In conclusion, oral caffeine administration does not appear to have an ergogenic effect in young football players during match play. 相似文献