Community Involvement in Alcohol Education     

Tom V. Savage Jr. 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2013,86(7):349-350

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Older Characters in Teen Movies from 1980–2006     

Tom Robinson  Mark Callister  Dawn Magoffin 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(8):687-711

Although children as young as age three have already begun to manifest negative stereotypes toward older adults, attitudes toward older adults likely crystallize during late childhood and adolescence and become entrenched by the time an individual reaches young adulthood. Studies have shown that young people view older people in general as ineffective, dependent, lonely, poor, angry, overly wrinkled, ugly, dirty, disabled, and less physically active and healthy than younger adults. Because today's children and adolescents have less contact with older people than in past decades, it is likely that some young people get most of their information about older people and aging from the media. This is all the more likely during the teen years, when vulnerable adolescents purposely seek out certain media to form their identity. This content analysis examined the 60 most popular teen movies from the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s to determine how older people are portrayed. Older people were greatly underrepresented, according to their numbers in the actual U.S. population, making up only 7% of the total number of characters in teen movies. Older people were marginalized in terms of plot and were likely to be featured only as background characters. Of older characters, 60% were portrayed stereotypically, and only 45% of the older characters were portrayed in a positive manner. Also, 32% of older characters were portrayed in a negative manner, and one-fifth of older characters were portrayed only with negative characteristics. The stereotypes that adolescents today hold toward older people, including the belief that they are bad drivers, are angry most of the time, and are senile, were reflected in older character portrayals in these popular teen films. Given the negative representations of older people that adolescents are exposed to in their childhood and during the teen years, it is no wonder that they express negative attitudes toward older people. After years of exposure to media that negatively depict older adults, adolescents have been cultivated to stereotype older people. This has the potential to influence the quality of their interactions with older people, and also influence the way they come to view the prospect of getting old.  相似文献   

Equity and Advocacy Expectations of Culturally Diverse Families’ Participation in Special Education     

Maya Kalyanpur  Beth Harry  Tom Skrtic 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2000,47(2):119-136

The authors contend that the equity and advocacy expectations imbedded in the legal mandate for parent participation in the special education decision-making process directly contradict the hierarchy of professional status and knowledge on which the positivist paradigm of professionalism is based, and are also in conflict with the values held by many families from culturally diverse backgrounds, contributing to low levels of participation and advocacy. They argue the need for professional education to incorporate opportunities for professionals to identify the cultural assumptions imbedded in the field of special education towards more balanced and effective collaboration.  相似文献   

Postgraduate Teacher Education (Art and Design) 'Wising-up' or 'Dumbing-down'     

Tom Davies 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2000,19(3):332-344

This research is part of an on-going investigation into student teachers' perceptions of theory and practice within Initial Teacher Training [ITT] and beyond. Respondents were drawn from a number of specialist ITT providers, and supple-mented from other sources. [1] The enquiry grew out of earlier research into examination courses in Key Stage 4 and teachers' dependency on 'orthodox' approaches and content. [2] The likelihood of challenging or breaking down this dependency seemed to rely on student teachers' ability to critique current practices and speculate as to alternatives, which is made more problem- atic because of the drastic reduction of time allocation in ITT. [3] This report in part is predicated on the belief that the enforced, crude division of time spent in, and out, of schools polarises theory and practice in the minds of students. This, in turn, tends to undermine the opportunities to explore and experiment with teaching and learning styles, and the degree to which students value and employ theory and make use of, and extend, their subject knowledge. [4]  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Richard Hunt  David R. Spencer  Mark Carroll  Walter Zacharius  Mary Summerfield  Steven Schragis  John F. Thornton  Tom Bonn 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2000,16(3):79-87

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Reflections on the “Degenerate Art” Case Study     

Tom L. Freudenheim 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1997,40(3):166-168

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Exhibition Reviews     

Tom L. Freudenheim  Alison Edwards 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1997,40(4):296-305

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Difficulties     

Tom Tyler 《Parallax》2019,25(4):446-470

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The international political economy of the hack: A closer look at markets for cybersecurity software     

Patrick Burkart  Tom McCourt 《Popular Communication》2017,15(1):37-54

This article examines the development of hacking and cybersecurity software packages as commodities, based on an international political economy of vendors and clients operating in the interstices of international law. Offensive hacking and defensive cybersecurity tools offer new means for surveillance of critics, journalists, and human rights workers, especially in corrupt or authoritarian political systems. The article provides a case study of the Hacking Team, an international “cybersecurity” firm offering spyware and surveillance systems to government security agencies, which was itself hacked and “doxed” in 2015. The leak of documents contributes new knowledge of an international political economy for software products, which exploits the digital rights of targets and which could further undermine general Internet security.  相似文献   

Skating start propulsion: three-dimensional kinematic analysis of elite male and female ice hockey players     

Jaymee R. Shell  Shawn M. K. Robbins  Philippe C. Dixon  Philippe J. Renaud  René A. Turcotte  Tom Wu 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(3):313-324

The forward skating start is a fundamental skill for male and female ice hockey players. However, performance differences by athlete’s sex cannot be fully explained by physiological variables; hence, other factors such as skating technique warrant examination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the body movement kinematics of ice hockey skating starts between elite male and female ice hockey participants. Male (n = 9) and female (n = 10) elite ice hockey players performed five forward skating start accelerations. An 18-camera motion capture system placed on the arena ice surface captured full-body kinematics during the first seven skating start steps within 15 meters. Males’ maximum skating speeds were greater than females. Skating technique sex differences were noted: in particular, females presented ~10° lower hip abduction throughout skating stance as well as ~10° greater knee extension at initial ice stance contact, conspicuously followed by a brief cessation in knee extension at the moment of ice contact, not evident in male skaters. Further study is warranted to explain why these skating technique differences exist in relation to factors such as differences in training, equipment, performance level, and anthropometrics.  相似文献