Is there an ethics of algorithms?     

Felicitas Kraemer  Kees van Overveld  Martin Peterson 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(3):251-260

We argue that some algorithms are value-laden, and that two or more persons who accept different value-judgments may have a rational reason to design such algorithms differently. We exemplify our claim by discussing a set of algorithms used in medical image analysis: In these algorithms it is often necessary to set certain thresholds for whether e.g. a cell should count as diseased or not, and the chosen threshold will partly depend on the software designer’s preference between avoiding false positives and false negatives. This preference ultimately depends on a number of value-judgments. In the last section of the paper we discuss some general principles for dealing with ethical issues in algorithm-design.  相似文献   

Is Peer Interaction Necessary for Optimal Active Learning?     

Debra L. Linton  Jan Keith Farmer  Ernie Peterson 《CBE life sciences education》2014,13(2):243-252

Meta-analyses of active-learning research consistently show that active-learning techniques result in greater student performance than traditional lecture-based courses. However, some individual studies show no effect of active-learning interventions. This may be due to inexperienced implementation of active learning. To minimize the effect of inexperience, we should try to provide more explicit implementation recommendations based on research into the key components of effective active learning. We investigated the optimal implementation of active-learning exercises within a “lecture” course. Two sections of nonmajors biology were taught by the same instructor, in the same semester, using the same instructional materials and assessments. Students in one section completed in-class active-learning exercises in cooperative groups, while students in the other section completed the same activities individually. Performance on low-level, multiple-choice assessments was not significantly different between sections. However, students who worked in cooperative groups on the in-class activities significantly outperformed students who completed the activities individually on the higher-level, extended-response questions. Our results provide additional evidence that group processing of activities should be the recommended mode of implementation for in-class active-learning exercises.  相似文献   

Use of Standardized Tests in Teacher Evaluation for Career Ladder Systems     

Kenneth D. Peterson 《Educational Measurement》1987,6(1):19-22

In most current teacher evaluation systems, tests are typically used for all teachers or for none. Peterson describes how three Utah school districts employed tests, specifically National Teachers Examinations, as one line of optional evidence for use along with a selection of other evidence in the promotion of eligible teachers. The author indicates that the optional use of test scores both answers many objections to the testing of veteran teachers and allows the test results of teachers choosing to submit them to inform promotion decisions.  相似文献   

Clinical pedagogy: Defining and measuring the teaching of essential and higher order thinking skills     

Donovan Peterson  Jeffrey Kromrey  Arthur Lewis  Jean Borg 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》1992,6(1):57-70

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Teacher perceptions of school-based interventions     

B K Martens  R L Peterson  J C Witt  S Cirone 《Exceptional children》1986,53(3):213-223

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Do institutional researchers publish or perish?     

Cameron Fincher  Gerald W. McLaughlin  M. W. Peterson  J. G. Rossmeier  W. F. Lasher  J. L. Saupe 《Research in higher education》1981,14(4):367-370

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Chasing the sun: a virtual reference service between SAHSLC (SA) and SWICE (UK)     

Rockliff S  Peterson M  Martin K  Curtis D 《Health information and libraries journal》2005,22(2):117-123

AIM: In 2002, a discussion in the United Kingdom (UK) between South-west Information for Clinical Effectiveness (SWICE) librarians and a member of the South Australian Department of Human Services Libraries' Consortium (SAHSLC) raised the possibility of developing an after-hours virtual reference service between the two consortium groups. The aim of the service is to put medical practitioners in contact with a librarian when urgent help is required in finding clinical medical information after hours. METHODS: A trial project has begun and has been given the name 'Chasing the Sun'. The service will make use of time-zone differences between the UK and Australia, so that librarians at work in another country will be able to answer urgent patient-related queries that cannot wait until normal office hours. RESULTS: This paper looks at the development of 'Chasing the Sun' from initial concept, funding proposal and trial project stage to implementation. It includes details of the groundwork, software evaluation, trials, outcomes, cost and benefits, future directions and potential problems yet to be experienced or overcome. CONCLUSION: This service is the first of its kind between health libraries in the world and offers potential for future worldwide expansion.  相似文献   

A theoretical and practical blending     

Lewis V. Peterson 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1960,8(5):309-310

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Observer based leader-following consensus of second-order multi-agent systems with nonuniform sampled position data     

Syed Ali Ajwad  Tomas Ménard  Emmanuel Moulay  Michael Defoort  Patrick Coirault 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2019,356(16):10031-10057

This paper deals with the leader-following consensus problem of multi-agent systems with the consideration that each agent can only transmit its position state to the neighbors at irregular discrete sampling times. In the proposed algorithm, a continuous-discrete time observer is designed for the continuous estimation of both position and velocity from the discrete position information of the neighbors. These estimated states are then used for designing a continuous control law which solves the leader-following consensus problem. Moreover, the dynamics of the leader is not fixed and can be controlled through an external input. The stability analysis has been carried out by employing the Lyapunov approach which provides sufficient conditions to tune the parameters according to the maximum allowable sampling period. The developed algorithm has been simulated and then tested on an actual multi-robot system consisting of three differential drive wheeled robots. Both simulation and hardware results validate the effectiveness of the control algorithm.  相似文献   

Cross-Sectoral Mobility Funding and the Challenge of Immersion: The Case of SSH     

Hellström  Tomas  Hellström  Christina 《Minerva》2020,58(3):389-407

Minerva - Project funding rarely demands much change on behalf of the recipient. In contrast, cross-sectoral mobility funding requires recipients to change their environment and often some aspects...  相似文献