排序方式： 共有78条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Wilma C.M. Resing Iro Xenidou-Dervou Wouter M.P. Steijn Julian G. Elliott 《Learning and individual differences》2012,22(1):144-150
We examined whether children would show different change-patterns in their strategy use when administered a number of series completion tasks that were presented within a dynamic testing format utilizing a graduated prompts approach. The role of working memory was also examined. An electronic console using tangible objects with sensors enabled the detailed recording of children's responses and solution times. We hypothesized that children who received training (i.e. who were involved in dynamic testing) would progress to more advanced strategy use than non-trained children, and that this would be evident for both verbal and behavioral measures of strategy use. We also sought to examine whether more advanced strategies would be employed by children with higher levels of WM-capacity. It was found that dynamically tested children shifted their verbal strategic behavior to a more advanced level. When examining the behavioral measure, it was found that some children showed the same progression but others who had performed at an advanced level in the pre-test shifted their strategy, unexpectedly, to a heuristic form. Working memory capacity did not appear to play an important role in differentiating between trained groups. Dynamic testing, using electronic console and tangibles with sensors, enabled us to identify strengths and weaknesses in children's learning. 相似文献
42.
To bring order in concepts related to individual learner differences, Curry (1983) designed the three-layered onion model. As this model provides an interesting way to distinguish related concepts – such as cognitive styles and approaches to studying – on the basis of their stability in learning situations, ample studies build further on this model. Given that only few studies have been conducted to empirically test the model, we conducted two studies to address this research gap. In the first study (N = 113), analyses do not show a clear causal path from three concepts belonging to different layers in relation to learning outcomes. In the second, longitudinal study (N = 162), no support is found for differences in stability between cognitive styles and approaches to studying. Our research does not provide solid evidence for the onion model, which warns to be cautious with applying the assumptions of theoretical models in educational practice without empirical support. 相似文献
43.
Sylvia P. van Borkulo Wouter R. van Joolingen Elwin R. Savelsbergh Ton de Jong 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2012,21(2):267-275
Computer modeling has been widely promoted as a means to attain higher order learning outcomes. Substantiating these benefits,
however, has been problematic due to a lack of proper assessment tools. In this study, we compared computer modeling with
expository instruction, using a tailored assessment designed to reveal the benefits of either mode of instruction. The assessment
addresses proficiency in declarative knowledge, application, construction, and evaluation. The subscales differentiate between
simple and complex structure. The learning task concerns the dynamics of global warming. We found that, for complex tasks,
the modeling group outperformed the expository group on declarative knowledge and on evaluating complex models and data. No
differences were found with regard to the application of knowledge or the creation of models. These results confirmed that
modeling and direct instruction lead to qualitatively different learning outcomes, and that these two modes of instruction
cannot be compared on a single “effectiveness measure”. 相似文献
44.
Jolanda Roose Wouter R. de Vries Sandor L. Schmikli Frank J.G. Backx Lorenz J.P. van Doornen 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):756-764
Overtraining (OT) as a sports phenomenon can be caused by stressors on various levels (physical, emotional, psychological, and social) and evokes responses on these levels. This study evaluated research and new opportunities in the field of OT by introducing an integrated multidisciplinary approach, based on the single and multistressors approach. The single stressor approach focuses on the training load-recovery imbalance, which results in a stagnating performance, excluding the etiology by nonsport-related factors. The multistressors approach includes all factors as relevant in the etiology of a stagnating performance. In future studies on OT, an integrative approach should not only highlight changes in training regimes and specific responses to training stressors but also focus on the role of training-related recovery, the impact of stressors, and personality factors influencing stress appraisal. This will provide a better insight into the etiology and consequences of OT, necessary for prevention and treatment in sport practice, and enhance the focus on adequate recovery (good sleep, sufficient rest periods) and athletes' stress-related responses. 相似文献
45.
Jeannette A. C. Lankhaar Wouter R. de Vries Jaap A. C. G. Jansen Pierre M. J. Zelissen Frank J. G. Backx 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):365-389
Purpose: This systematic review describes the state of the art of the impact of hypothyroidism on exercise tolerance and physical performance capacity in untreated and treated patients with hypothyroidism. Method: A systematic computer-aided search was conducted using biomedical databases. Relevant studies in English, German, and Dutch, published from the earliest date of each database up to December 2012, were identified. Results: Out of 116 studies, a total of 38 studies with 1,379 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies emphasize the multifactorial causes of exercise intolerance in untreated patients by the impact of limitations in different functional systems, with cardiovascular, cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, and cellular metabolic systems acting in concert. Moreover, the studies affirm that exercise intolerance in patients is not always reversible during adequate hormone replacement therapy. As a consequence, despite a defined euthyroid status, there remains a significant group of treated patients with persistent complaints related to exercise intolerance who are suffering from limitations in daily and sport activities, as well as an impaired quality of life. An explanation for this phenomenon is lacking. Only 2 studies investigated the effects of a physical training program, and they showed inconsistent effects on the performance capacity in untreated patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Conclusions: A limited body of knowledge exists concerning exercise tolerance in treated patients with hypothyroidism, and there is an insufficient amount of quantitative studies on the effects of a physical training program. To enhance exercise and sports participation for this specific group, more research in this forgotten area is warranted. 相似文献
46.
Credibility-inspired ranking for blog post retrieval 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Credibility of information refers to its believability or the believability of its sources. We explore the impact of credibility-inspired indicators on the task of blog post retrieval, following the intuition that more credible blog posts are preferred by searchers. Based on a previously introduced credibility framework for blogs, we define several credibility indicators, and divide them into post-level (e.g., spelling, timeliness, document length) and blog-level (e.g., regularity, expertise, comments) indicators. The retrieval task at hand is precision-oriented, and we hypothesize that the use of credibility-inspired indicators will positively impact precision. We propose to use ideas from the credibility framework in a reranking approach to the blog post retrieval problem: We introduce two simple ways of reranking the top n of an initial run. The first approach, Credibility-inspired reranking, simply reranks the top n of a baseline based on the credibility-inspired score. The second approach, Combined reranking, multiplies the credibility-inspired score of the top n results by their retrieval score, and reranks based on this score. Results show that Credibility-inspired reranking leads to larger improvements over the baseline than Combined reranking, but both approaches are capable of improving over an already strong baseline. For Credibility-inspired reranking the best performance is achieved using a combination of all post-level indicators. Combined reranking works best using the post-level indicators combined with comments and pronouns. The blog-level indicators expertise, regularity, and coherence do not contribute positively to the performance, although analysis shows that they can be useful for certain topics. Additional analysis shows that a relative small value of n (15–25) leads to the best results, and that posts that move up the ranking due to the integration of reranking based on credibility-inspired indicators do indeed appear to be more credible than the ones that go down. 相似文献
47.
Patrick H. M. Sins Elwin R. Savelsbergh Wouter R. van Joolingen 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(14):1695-1721
Although computer modelling is widely advocated as a way to offer students a deeper understanding of complex phenomena, the process of modelling is rather complex itself and needs scaffolding. In order to offer adequate support, we need a thorough understanding of the reasoning processes students employ and of difficulties they encounter during a modelling task. Therefore, in this study 26 students, working in dyads, were observed while working on a modelling task in the domain of physics. A coding scheme was developed in order to capture the types of reasoning processes used by students. Results indicate that most students had a strong focus on adjusting model parameters to fit the empirical data with little reference to prior knowledge. The successful students differed from the less successful students in using more prior knowledge and in showing more inductive reasoning. These observations lead to suggestions for the design of appropriate scaffolds. 相似文献
48.
Nico Rutten Jan T. van der Veen Wouter R. van Joolingen 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(8):1225-1245
In this study we investigated the pedagogical context of whole-class teaching with computer simulations. We examined relations between the attitudes and learning goals of teachers and their students regarding the use of simulations in whole-class teaching, and how teachers implement these simulations in their teaching practices. We observed lessons presented by 24 physics teachers in which they used computer simulations. Students completed questionnaires about the lesson, and each teacher was interviewed afterwards. These three data sources captured implementation by the teacher, and the learning goals and attitudes of students and their teachers regarding teaching with computer simulations. For each teacher, we calculated an Inquiry-Cycle-Score (ICS) based on the occurrence and order of the inquiry activities of predicting, observing and explaining during teaching, and a Student-Response-Rate (SRR) reflecting the level of active student participation. Statistical analyses revealed positive correlations between the inquiry-based character of the teaching approach and students’ attitudes regarding its contribution to their motivation and insight, a negative correlation between the SRR and the ICS, and a positive correlation between teachers’ attitudes about inquiry-based teaching with computer simulations and learning goal congruence between the teacher and his/her students. This means that active student participation is likely to be lower when the instruction more closely resembles the inquiry cycle, and that teachers with a positive attitude about inquiry-based teaching with computer simulations realize the importance of learning goal congruence. 相似文献
49.
Wouter Frencken Harjo de Poel Chris Visscher Koen Lemmink 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1207-1213
Abstract In soccer, critical match events like goal attempts can be preceded by periods of instability in the balance between the two teams' behaviours. Therefore, we determined periods of high variability in the distance between the teams' centroid positions longitudinally and laterally in an international-standard soccer match and evaluated corresponding match events. Position data were collected with AMISCO Pro®. Inter-team distance variability was calculated over a 3-s moving window. Out of the 242 match periods that exceeded the variability criterion, 51 were dead-ball situations. Match events identified through longitudinal inter-team distance primarily related to defending players moving forward-backward after a longitudinal pass. Match events identified through lateral inter-team distance mainly corresponded with defending players moving laterally following sideways passing. One of two goals and two of fourteen goal-attempts were preceded by a period of high variability. Together, periods of highly variable inter-team distance were associated with collective defensive actions and team reorganisation in dead-ball moments rather than goals or goal attempts. Inter-team dynamics quantified (mutual) reorganisation of the teams and marked teams' collective defensive ability to respond to attacking explorations. 相似文献
50.