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31.
Keiichi Kobayashi 《Learning and individual differences》2009,19(1):130-134
This study examined the influence of three personal factors, namely, prior knowledge about the text topic, external strategy use during reading, and experience in college, on students' comprehension of the relations among controversial texts. Eighty-six 1-year and 80 3-year undergraduate students answered a questionnaire assessing topic knowledge. One week later, they read two controversial texts and then completed two tasks assessing their comprehension of intertextual relations and recall of intratextual arguments respectively. The results indicated that topic knowledge influenced the comprehension of intertextual relations through enhancing the processing of intratextual arguments. The production of summary notes during reading had indirect and direct positive effects. Longer experience in college led to a better understanding of intertextual relations. 相似文献
32.
Keiichi Kobayashi 《Instructional Science》2014,42(2):183-205
This study investigated students’ spontaneous use of source information for the resolution of conflicts between texts. One-hundred fifty-four undergraduate students read two conflicting explanations concerning the relationship between blood type and personality under two conditions: either one explanation with a higher credibility source and the opposite explanation with a lower credibility source or the same two explanations but with the sources interchanged. Afterwards, students wrote their opinions about the controversial issue. In their opinion essays, students were more likely to resolve the conflicts between the two explanations by affirming the one from the higher credible source and/or negating the opposite one from the lower credible source, though source manipulation had a small and partial effect on intertextual conflict resolution compared with the perceived quality of each explanation and prior attitudes. However, students’ attention to source information during reading and their use of the information for justifying their intertextual conflict resolution were limited. These results suggest that undergraduate students are capable of, but not good at, using source information for intertextual conflict resolution. 相似文献
33.
Flight dynamics of the screw kick in rugby 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper describes the aerodynamic forces and the flight trajectory for the screw (spiral) kick in rugby. The screw kick
is defined as that which causes the ball to spin on its longitudinal axis. The aerodynamic forces acting on a rugby ball spinning
on its longitudinal axis were measured in a wind tunnel using a six-component strut type balance. It was found that the drag,
the lift and the pitching moment depend on the angle of attack, while the side force (Magnus force) depends on both the spin
rate and the angle of attack in the range where the wind speed lies between 15 and 30 m s-1 and the spin rate is between 1 and 10 revolutions per second. Moreover, the flight trajectory was obtained by integrating
the full nonlinear six degrees of freedom equations of motion on the basis of aerodynamic data. In a simulation, a ball spinning
on its longitudinal axis tended to hook toward or away from the touchline even if the velocity and angular velocity vectors
were parallel to the touchline. The direction of the hook depends on the direction of the angular velocity vector. The initial
direction of the hook depends on the relationship between the flight path angle and the pitch angle as well as the direction
of the angular velocity vector. 相似文献
34.
35.
Iida H Kato S Sekino Y Sakai E Uchiyama T Endo H Hosono K Sakamoto Y Fujita K Yoneda M Koide T Takahashi H Tokoro C Goto A Abe Y Kobayashi N Kubota K Gotoh E Maeda S Nakajima A Inamori M 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(1):29-34
Objective
The ideal medication for the treatment of acid-related diseases, e.g., peptic ulcers, stress-related gastric bleeding, functional dyspepsia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, should have a rapid onset of action to promote hemostasis and relieve the symptoms. The aim of our study was to investigate the inhibitory effects on gastric acid secretion of a single oral administration of a proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole 20 mg, and an H2-receptor antagonist, roxatidine 75 mg.Methods
Ten Helicobacter pylori-negative male subjects participated in this randomized, two-way crossover study. Intragastric pH was monitored continuously for 6 h after single oral administration of omeprazole 20 mg and roxatidine 75 mg. Each administration was separated by a 7-d washout period.Results
During the 6-h study period, the average pH after administration of roxatidine was higher than that after administration of omeprazole (median: 4.45 vs. 2.65; P=0.0367). Also during the 6-h study period, a longer duration of maintenance at pH above 2, 5, and 6 was observed after administration of roxatidine 75 mg than after administration of omeprazole 20 mg (median: 90.6% vs. 55.2%, P=0.0284; 43.7% vs. 10.6%, P=0.0125; 40.3% vs. 3.3%, P=0.0125; respectively).Conclusions
In Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy male subjects, oral administration of roxatidine 75 mg increased the intragastric pH more rapidly than that of omeprazole 20 mg. 相似文献36.
Validity and reliability of body composition assessed by the sulphur hexafluoride dilution method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aims of this study were to assess the validity and reliability of body volume and percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution, using underwater weighing as the criterion method, and to determine the influence of the magnitude of body volume. Thirty-one healthy Japanese individuals aged 18-27 years (16 males: height 1.70 +/- 0.06 m, mass 64.8 +/- 7.7 kg; 15 females: height 1.60 +/- 0.05 m, mass 55.2 +/- 6.2 kg; mean +/- s) participated in the study. Sulphur hexafluoride dilution measures the concentration of sulphur hexafluoride gas in the chamber (BSF-200, Shimazu Corp.). Underwater weighing was performed five times using a weight scale (AD-6204, A&D) after residual volume had been determined (System9, Minato Medical Corp.). There were no significant differences in the mean between two trials for body volume, body density or percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution. The intra-class correlation coefficient of these variables ranged from 0.985 to 0.999. The results suggest that sulphur hexafluoride dilution is a reliable method for assessing body composition. There was no significant difference in body volume or percent body fat between sulphur hexafluoride dilution (males: 61.3 +/- 7.6 litres, 18.4 +/- 6.7%; females: 52.8 +/- 6.9 litres, 21.0 +/- 8.9%) and underwater weighing (males: 60.6 +/- 7.0 litres, 15.6 +/- 3.5%; females: 53.0 +/- 6.5 litres, 23.7 +/- 6.1%) and there was a high correlation between the two (r = 0.997, P < 0.05). A Bland-Altman plot of the difference between percent body fat estimated by underwater weighing and sulphur hexafluoride dilution versus average percent body fat by the two methods showed no systematic difference (mean difference = -0.12 +/- 6.6 kg). The upper and lower limits of agreement were 13.2% and -13.4%, respectively. Determination by sulphur hexafluoride dilution resulted in both over- and underestimations in body volume and the difference between the two body volumes (determined by underwater weighing and by sulphur hexafluoride dilution) was inversely proportional to the mean body volume by the two methods. This suggests that improvements need to be made to the device or to the technique to maintain a constant volume of sulphur hexafluoride in the chamber. 相似文献
37.
Yasuto Kobayashi Michiyoshi Ae Akiyo Miyazaki Norihisa Fujii Akira Iiboshi Hideki Nakatani 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(3):314-328
The purpose of this study was to investigate joint kinetics of the throwing arms and role of trunk motion in skilled elementary school boys during an overarm distance throw. Throwing motions of 42 boys from second, fourth, and sixth grade were videotaped with three high-speed cameras operating at 300 fps. Seven skilled boys from each grade were selected on the basis of throwing distance for three-dimensional kinetic analysis. Joint forces, torques, and torque powers of the throwing arm joints were calculated from reconstructed three-dimensional coordinate data smoothed at cut-off frequencies of 10.5–15 Hz and by the inverse dynamics method. Throwing distance and ball velocity significantly increased with school grade. The angular velocity of elbow extension before ball release increased with school grade, although no significant increase between the grades was observed in peak extension torque of elbow joint. The joint torque power of shoulder internal/external rotation tended to increase with school grade. When teaching the overarm throw, elementary school teachers should observe large backward twisting of trunk during the striding phase and should keep in mind that young children, such as second graders (age 8 years), will be unable to effectively utilise shoulder external/internal rotation during the throwing phase. 相似文献
38.
Yoko Kobayashi 《Gender and education》2002,14(2):181-197
Originating from a large-scale questionnaire-based study on Japanese high school students' attitudes towards current and long-term English learning, this study attempts to account for one of the findings, female students' superiority in attitudes to English learning over male students. This study problematises the common practice found in questionnaire-based research ending with the statistical identification of gender differences in attitudes without exploring factors influencing those differences. By utilising multidisciplinary extant data and research findings, this study argues that Japanese social elements, such as the status of English as feminised academic and professional choices and women's marginalised status in Japanese mainstream society, underlie many women's positive attitudes towards English learning. This study provides pedagogical implications for those in charge of English-related programmes either in Japan or in English-speaking countries who deal with a significant number of young Japanese female students in the programmes. 相似文献
39.
清真慢词的网状框架及其解读 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小林春代 《天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2001,(6):67-71
周邦彦的慢词框架呈网状。每片是一组网块，皆有一纲数目；全词又有统帅各网块的总纲。此种框架富有立体感、流动感，充满活力。它不同于复杂结构。复式是由线到面的平面结构；网状由纲、目构筑框架，是立体结构。分析复式结构宜用线索解读法，审察网状框架应试用网状解读法。前者依赖线索，后者依赖纲目，虽不丢弃线索，但对它绝非依赖，而是立于框架之颠，居高临下地俯瞰线索。 相似文献
40.
学生资助和高等教育机会均等--对中日美3国的比较分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
世界各国的高等教育规模在不断扩大，但是低收入阶层的教育机会未必在同步增长，他们需要政府的资助。另一方面，教育规模的扩大又严重压迫着财政支出。各国都处在解决机会均等和财政负担的困境中。本文将讨论学生资助的相关理论，比较多样的资助制度，从中获得启示。 相似文献