Evaluation of immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for HER-2/neu expression in breast carcinoma     

Rani James  K. Thriveni  Girija Ramaswamy  Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy  Geetashree Mukherjee  P. P. Vijayalaxmi Deshmane  P. P. Bapsy 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(4):345-351

HER-2 is overexpressed in approximately 20–30% of invasive Breast Cancer. ECD of the HER-2 protein is frequently cleaved and released into the circulation, where it can be detected by ELISA in up to 45% of patients with metastatic breast cancer. The objective of our study was to compare the current methods for the detection of HER-2 protein. Tissue HER-2 levels were studied in 100 breast cancer patients by IHC and compared with serum HER-2 levels by ELISA. IHC frequency was 29%. Serum HER-2 ECD was positive in 42% of patients. A statistically significant correlation was observed. HER-2 detected by IHC correlates significantly with serum HER-2 levels detected by ELISA. Thus, ELISA is a reliable and economical tool to assess the HER-2 status in tumors, when breast tissue sample is not available.  相似文献   

The private finance initiative, project form and design innovation: The UK's hospitals programme     

James Barlow  Martina Köberle-Gaiser 《Research Policy》2008,37(8):1392-1402

This paper discusses the role of public demand, in the form of a government procurement policy, in generating innovative solutions for healthcare infrastructure. It considers the effects of the project delivery system (planning, finance, construction and operation) for new hospitals on design innovation. It focuses on hospitals built under the UK's private finance initiative (PFI), which was partly introduced to inject increased innovation into hospital delivery. We use case studies of six early PFI hospitals to argue that the introduction of PFI has increased the complexity at the interface between project delivery and hospital operational functions. The result is a project delivery model which yields less innovative outcomes and produces facilities that might not be able to cope with future changes in demand. The paper suggests that new public procurement models do not automatically provide efficiency and innovation benefits.  相似文献   

Research: Students' Perceptions of Need for Personal Counseling Services in Community Colleges     

Atticia P. Bundy  James M. Benshoff 《Journal of College Counseling》2000,3(2):92-99

Although the need for personal counseling services is on the rise across college campuses in the United States, many community colleges do not offer personal counseling services on campus. Instead, community college counseling services focus primarily on academic and career advising. The purpose of this study was to survey community college students in North Carolina to determine their interest in and need for a personal counseling center on campus. Participants were 134 men and 202 women, 18–68 years of age. Of the participants, 70% indicated that having a personal counseling center on campus would be “very helpful” or “helpful.” Results are discussed, and recommendations are made for college counselors working in community college settings.  相似文献   

Non-Traditional Students in Australian Higher Education: Persistent Inequities and the New Ideology of `Student Choice'   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James  Richard 《Tertiary Education and Management》2000,6(2):105-118

Despite the expansion of access toAustralian higher education in the past decade, theparticipation shares of rural and isolated people andpeople from lower socioeconomic backgrounds havealtered little and remain unacceptably low. Thispaper reports findings from two national studies atthe Centre for the Study of Higher Education that haveexamined student choices about higher education,especially the inhibiting factors still present fornon-traditional students. The discussion focuses onthe dilemmas and challenges for Australianuniversities in balancing the adoption ofentrepreneurial approaches to student recruitment withan unfinished equity agenda. The paper raisesquestions about the new ideology of individual choiceinfluencing university policy and whether or not thiscan be reconciled with social equity objectives.  相似文献   

Fundamentals of performance technology: A guide to improving people,process, and performance,second edition     

Darlene M. Van Tiem  James L. Moseley  Joan Conway Dessinger  Erika R. Gilmore 《Performance Improvement》2005,44(1):41-42

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A descent to cultural studies     

James D. Tracy 《Academic Questions》2000,13(4):24-31

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ISI数据库——学术期刊及网站的选择   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

James Testa 《中国科技期刊研究》2000,11(6):349-352

ISI（美国科学信息研究所）的基本任务是向其用户提供所需要的世界最重要、最有影响的期刊收录信息,ISI数据库不仅可以检索当年而且可追溯以往。现有数据库收录自然科学、社会科学、艺术与人文科学的国际期刊8500余种。ISI能完整地检索它所收录的任何一条文献数据。期刊的评估与选择是动态过程,每年ISI数据库的来源期刊都会有所增加或删减。每种期刊在被录用或被淘汰前都经过内容广泛的评估过程。ISI数据库期刊评估要考虑多种因素,评估范围从质到量标准不同,包括基本出版标准、学术内容、作者的国际化程度,及其与之相关的引文  相似文献   

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum — A Dialogue with Memory     

James Ingo Freed 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1995,38(2):95-110

This article describes the author's personal/professional experience in designing the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, a building that must “fit” in the context of the National Mall, express the spirit of the Holocaust, and become a permanent, living memorial. “The [building] did not pose the familiar problem of the container and the contained. This [must be] a building where the contained (the historical exhibition) works on the container (the architectural shell) and where the container has to join with the contained.”  相似文献   

Role and function of school psychologists, 1992–93: A comparative study     

Alyson H. Roberts  James O. Rust 《Psychology in the schools》1994,31(2):113-119

The roles and functions of 52 school psychologists from Iowa and Tennessee were examined. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test differences between reported time spent on prereferral, assessment, intervention, consultation, and curriculum-based assessment. Significant differences were found for the time spent in all areas. A second one-way MANOVA was used to test the differences between the two groups in reported actual time spent and desired time spent. A significant difference was found for consultation. A third MANOVA was utilized to test the differences between the two groups' desired time spent on the five variables. A significant difference was found for curriculum-based assessment. The results suggest that school psychologists in Tennessee and Iowa occupy different roles. School psychologists in Tennessee reported spending the majority of their time on assessment activities, whereas the Iowa sample balances their time between the five functions. The Iowa role exemplifies alternative functions for school psychologists. The Tennessee role is oriented more toward the refer, test, place model.  相似文献   

Designing and evaluating product training presentations a step-by-step guide for technical presenters     

James R. Norton 《Performance Improvement》1994,33(4):33-37

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