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Although motorcycling performance strongly depends on the characteristics of the motorcycles and capabilities of the riders, little information is available on the physiological profiles of riders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical load of official international men's road-race motorcycling competitions. Data were obtained from 34 male riders during the 2005 European Road-Race Motorcycling Championship (categories classified by size of engine: 125 GP, 250 GP, and 600 cc) during free practices, qualifying sessions, and official races. Participants' heart rates were recorded and blood lactate concentrations determined. During races, heart rates were most often above 90% of maximum heart rate (frequency of occurrence: 125 GP = 92.9%, s = 5.3; 250 GP = 93.6%, s = 7.3; 600 cc = 93.2%, s = 10.2). The heart rate distribution during riding showed main effects between phases of competition, engine sizes, and different portions of the race (P < 0.001). No difference was observed between riders on and not on the podium at the end of the race. Peak blood lactate concentrations after the qualifying sessions (5.2 mmol . l(-1), s = 1.2) and official races (6.0 mmol . l(-1), s = 2.1) were higher (P < 0.001) than at baseline. The present results show that road-race motorcycling imposes a high load on the riders, who should possess adequate fitness to maintain high-speed rides and minimize the effects of fatigue during competition. 相似文献
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2012年10月11日是第一个"国际女童日"。然而就在这个节日的前两天,巴基斯坦塔利班公然对14岁的少女玛拉拉·尤萨法扎伊进行枪击。这一行为迅速引起国际社会的震惊和谴责,也引发更多人对于女童受教育权的关注。美国前第一夫人劳拉·布什特别撰文声援玛拉拉,并将其比 相似文献
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Leah E. Robinson E. Kipling Webster S. Wood Logan W. Amarie Lucas Laura T. Barber 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2012,40(2):79-86
Early childhood educators, especially those in preschool centers, are often expected to design and implement movement programs.
However, these individuals may not have been taught these skills during their education. The purpose of this study was to
determine if early childhood majors could successfully be taught to implement a mastery climate instructional approach to
promote motor skill development to preschool-age children. Twenty undergraduate Early Childhood Education majors, who completed
a Motor Development Across the School Years course, designed and implemented a movement program to develop preschoolers’ locomotor
and object control skills. Fourteen preschoolers participated in an 11-week movement program. Preschoolers’ motor performance
was assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development—2nd Edition prior to and following the intervention. Results indicate
significant improvements in total performance (p < .05) and locomotor skills (p = .037). Findings indicate that with guidance and training, early childhood majors can effectively design and implement a
mastery-based movement program that enhances motor skill competence. The findings also demonstrate the need and value for
early childhood majors to receive training in the design and implementation of movement programs. This paper provides a conceptual
framework and practical recommendations to assist teachers and educators with implementing a mastery climate movement programs. 相似文献
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Erin E. Turner Corey Drake Amy Roth McDuffie Julia Aguirre Tonya Gau Bartell Mary Q. Foote 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2012,15(1):67-82
Research repeatedly documents that teachers are underprepared to teach mathematics effectively in diverse classrooms. A critical
aspect of learning to be an effective mathematics teacher for diverse learners is developing knowledge, dispositions, and
practices that support building on children’s mathematical thinking, as well as their cultural, linguistic, and community-based
knowledge. This article presents a conjectured learning trajectory for prospective teachers’ (PSTs’) development related to
integrating children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases (i.e., the understandings and experiences that have the potential to shape and support children’s mathematics learning—including
children’s mathematical thinking, and children’s cultural, home, and community-based knowledge), in mathematics instruction.
Data were collected from 200 PSTs enrolled in mathematics methods courses at six United States universities. Data sources
included beginning and end-of-semester surveys, interviews, and PSTs’ written work. Our conjectured learning trajectory can
serve as a tool for mathematics teacher educators and researchers as they focus on PSTs’ development of equitable mathematics
instruction. 相似文献