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31.
Measurement of ground reaction force (GRF) in running provides a direct indication of the loads to which the body is subjected
at each foot-ground contact, and can provide an objective explanation for performance outcomes. Traditionally, the collection
of three orthogonal component GRF data in running requires an athlete to complete a series of return loops along a laboratory
based runway, within which a force platform is embedded, in order to collect data from a discrete footfall. The major disadvantages
associated with this GRF data collection methodology include the inability to assess multiple consecutive foot contacts and
the fact that measurements are typically confined to the laboratory. The objective of this research was to investigate the
potential for wearable instrumentation to be employed, in conjunction with artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear
regression (MLR) models, for the estimation of GRF in middle distance running. A modular wearable data acquisition system
was developed to acquire in-shoe force (ISF) data. Matched data sets from wearable instrumentation (source data) and force
plate (target data) records were collected from elite middle-distance runners under controlled laboratory conditions for the
purposes of ANN and MLR model development (MD) and model validation (MV).
In terms of statistical measures of prediction accuracy the MLR model was found to provide a superior level of accuracy for
the prediction of the vertical and medio-lateral components of GRF and alternatively, the ANN model provided the most accurate
predictions of the anterior-posterior component of GRF. The prediction accuracy of each component of GRF was found to be governed
by the inherent signal variability, in which case the vertical and anterior-posterior components were more reliable and subsequently
predicted significantly more accurately than the medio-lateral component.
The emerging capability for obtaining continuous GRF records from wearable instrumentation has the potential to permit unprecedented
quantification of training stress and competition demands in running. 相似文献
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This pilot study examined the effects of a short‐term music therapy program on the classroom behaviours of newly arrived refugee students who were attending an intensive ‘English as a Second Language’ secondary school. A cross‐over design with two five‐week intervention periods was employed with group music therapy sessions conducted one or two times per week. Data from the Behaviour Assessment Scale for Children were used to evaluate a range of positive and negative school behaviours. A significant decrease in externalising behaviours was found with particular reference to hyperactivity and aggression. No significant differences were found in other behaviours. Explanations and implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
36.
The article traces the Welsh origins of “translanguaging” from the 1980s to the recent global use, analysing the development and extension of the term. It suggests that the growing popularity of the term relates to a change in the way bilingualism and multilingualism have ideologically developed not only among academics but also amid changing politics and public understandings about bilingualism. The original pedagogic advantages of a planned use of translanguaging in pedagogy and dual literacy are joined by an extended conceptualisation that perceives translanguaging as a spontaneous, everyday way of making meaning, shaping experiences, and communication by bilinguals. A new conceptualisation of translanguaging is in brain activity where learning is through 2 languages. A tripartite distinction is suggested between classroom translanguaging, universal translanguaging, and neurolinguistic translanguaging. The article concludes with a summary of recent research into translanguaging with suggestions for future research. 相似文献
37.
Ryan S. Baker Arnon Hershkovitz Lisa M. Rossi Adam B. Goldstein Sujith M. Gowda 《学习科学杂志》2013,22(4):639-666
We present a new method for analyzing a student's learning over time for a specific skill: analysis of the graph of the student's moment-by-moment learning over time. Moment-by-moment learning is calculated using a data-mined model that assesses the probability that a student learned a skill or concept at a specific time during learning (Baker, Goldstein, & Heffernan, 2010, 2011). Two coders labeled data from students who used an intelligent tutoring system for college genetics. They coded in terms of 7 forms that the moment-by-moment learning curve can take. These labels are correlated to test data on the robustness of students’ learning. We find that different visual forms are correlated with very different learning outcomes. This work suggests that analysis of moment-by-moment learning curves may be able to shed light on the implications of students’ different patterns of learning over time. 相似文献
38.
Pete Goldschmidt Jose Felipe Martinez David Niemi Eva L. Baker 《Educational Assessment》2013,18(3-4):239-266
In this article we examine empirical evidence on the criterion, predictive, transfer, and fairness aspects of validity of a large-scale language arts performance assessment, referred to as the Performance Assignment (PA). We use multilevel models to avoid biased inferences that might result from the naturally nested data. Specifically, we examine the relationships of the assessment with the Stanford Achievement Test, 9th Edition and the California High School Exit Examination. The results indicate that the measures are related, that students demonstrate a degree of transfer, and that the language arts PA is relatively more fair than comparison assessments. The results are robust to various model specifications and demonstrate that benefits do not accrue to all students equally. 相似文献
39.
H. Kent Baker 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(1-4):193-204
This study examines the impact of collective bargaining on faculty compensation at two‐year colleges over the period 1970‐81. The results show that faculty at unionized community colleges have not experienced significantly greater increases in compensation than their nonunionized brethren. In fact, the nonunion institutions actually experienced higher relative gains in compensation for the first three years after the unionized colleges first engaged in collective bargaining. 相似文献
40.
BackgroundPuberty is a critical time in the development of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between measures of adiposity, cardiovascular fitness, and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study design, 129 girls and 95 boys aged 12.9–14.4 years at various stages of puberty were included, along with their mothers (n = 217) and fathers (n = 207). Anthropometric assessments of adiposity were made, along with cardiovascular physical fitness, using the 20-m shuttle run test, and biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk, including glucose, insulin, triglyceride, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations.ResultsWaist-to-height ratio values were similar in boys and girls and correlated positively with diastolic blood pressure, insulin, triglyceride, fibrinogen, and CRP concentrations, and inversely with cardiovascular fitness scores. Skinfold thickness measurements were higher in girls. High-molecular-weight adiponectin concentrations were lower in boys than girls, particularly in late puberty, and CRP levels were higher. Cardiovascular fitness, maternal body mass index (BMI), and paternal BMI contributed independently to the variance in waist measurements in girls and boys. Gender, triceps skinfold thickness, and weight-to-height ratio, but not parental BMI, contributed independently to the variance in cardiovascular fitness.ConclusionThere is a relationship between measures of adolescent adiposity and parental weight that involves factors other than cardiovascular fitness. Adolescent boys have relatively more abdominal fat than girls and a tendency to have a proinflammatory profile of biomarkers. These observations suggest that family and social environmental interventions are best undertaken earlier in childhood, particularly among boys. 相似文献