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21.
Elin Nilsson 《Educational gerontology》2017,43(2):73-88
Dementia affects cognitive abilities in several ways, memory dysfunction being one of the most common symptoms. Not only does this have implications for the individual diagnosed with dementia, but also for the life shared with others. Spouses in couples share memories and experiences that make up an extensive common ground that constitutes the basis for their interaction. From video-recorded interviews with 12 couples in which one of the spouses is diagnosed with dementia, this study focuses on instances where the spouse with dementia is unable to recollect information that she is presupposed to know, so-called type-1 knowable. Conversation Analysis is used to analyze how the spouses in interaction manage this problem. Two conclusions are argued for: (a) different expectations of what is, or should be, in common ground may cause communicative problems and distress, and (b) spouses without dementia may use fishing techniques as a way of managing problems regarding recalling knowledge. These techniques do not necessarily enable the person with dementia to recall the information; on the contrary they may cause embarrassment for the person with dementia. By adopting a we-perspective approach to service provision, social workers can make a difference for couples and families living with dementia. 相似文献
22.
This article explores variations in development of everyday motor-life-skills in 661 children (329 girls and 332 boys) in Norwegian kindergartens of ages 2:9 (T1) and 4:9 (T2) years:months. The particular focus is on children at risk for problems in motor development (the 10% weakest children in the sample). The methodological approach chosen is authentic assessment, applying the Early Years Movement Skills Checklist (EYMSC). All correlations between motor-life-skills at ages 2:9 and 4:9 are statistically significant (p < 0.01), varying between r = 0.26 to 0.38 for the four section scores of EYMSC (Self-help skills, Desk skills, General classroom skills and Recreational and playground skills) and r = 0.39 for the EYMSC total score. The group composition of children assumed to be at risk for motor difficulties changes considerably between ages 2:9 and 4:9. Approximately, two-thirds of the 10% weakest at T1 do not belong to the 10% weakest at T2. Logistic regression failed to identify children at risk at T1 being among the 10% weakest at T2. However, for two sections of EYMSC (Self-help skills; Recreational and Playground skills), it was possible to distinguish between stable and flux groups. 相似文献
23.
Elin Sundström Sjödin 《课程研究杂志》2017,49(1):96-110
AbstractIn this article we explore factors that constitute ‘the social’ for the teacher Susan, which at the same time highlights ethical aspects of the exercise of her profession. We meet her in a situation where she is setting grades, and our interest focuses on the relations that become of concern for her in her professional task to give the students their grades. In this exploration, we recognize the renewal of interest in realism and examine the possible links that can be drawn between transactional realism, as a pragmatic view, and the new materialism, here represented by actor–network theory. Building on a narrative from an interview with a named teacher in a daily newspaper, the empirical study focuses on actors constituting Susan’s reality when grading. Our argument is that in order to understand the complex levels of aspects that influence teachers’ actions, it is necessary to start from the local and from there trace the human and material factors that may affect teachers’ room for action. Bringing material aspects into the consideration of Susan’s situation helps us see that technology itself changes time and spaces and moves the action of grading into spaces outside her professional sphere. 相似文献
24.
Karin I. E. Dahlin 《Reading and writing》2011,24(4):479-491
This study examines the relationship between working memory and reading achievement in 57 Swedish primary-school children
with special needs. First, it was examined whether children’s working memory could be enhanced by a cognitive training program,
and how the training outcomes would relate to their reading development. Next, it was explored how differential aspects of
working memory are related to children’s reading outcomes. The working memory training yielded effects, and these effects
appeared beneficial to children’s reading comprehension development. Working memory measures were found to be related with
children’s word reading and reading comprehension. The results show that working memory can be seen as a crucial factor in
the reading development of literacy among children with special needs, and that interventions to improve working memory may
help children becoming more proficient in reading comprehension. 相似文献
25.
With the aim of contributing to the research about the educational use of social media, the paper explores teachers’ experiences of ethical dilemmas on Facebook. The paper draws upon focus group interviews with Swedish secondary teachers. Two main categories of ethical dilemmas, related to the border between private and professional, are detected. The dilemmas concern (1) teachers’ moral responsibility for pupils’ actions and (2) how teachers appear on social media. Different boundary work practices created and used by teachers are identified. The main conclusion is that, by having contact with pupils in a virtual social arena originally intended for private use, teachers’ use of social media brings to fore and intensifies deep-rooted ethical questions about what the teacher role is and should be. Teachers’ participation on social media such as Facebook compels them to reflect upon and position their preferred teacher role in these new social arenas. 相似文献
26.
Denise Foran Marguerite Hoerger Hannah Philpott Elin Walker Jones J. Carl Hughes Jonathan Morgan 《British Journal of Special Education》2015,42(1):34-52
This article describes how applied behaviour analysis can be implemented effectively and affordably in a maintained special needs school in the UK. Behaviour analysts collaborate with classroom teachers to provide early intensive behaviour education for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and function based behavioural interventions for children between the ages of three and 18 years. Data are presented that show how the model is effective. Children with ASD under the age of seven made significant gains on intelligence quotient and on a range of skills including language, social and play, and academic skills following three academic terms of intervention. Case study data for two children reveal a marked decrease in challenging behaviour following a function based behavioural intervention. These interventions have led to greater independence, integration and access to curricular activities. These data show that children are making significant gains within this cost‐effective model. 相似文献
27.
ABSTRACT A programme for training social skills to a group of 6‐year‐old children was developed and evaluated. The group consisted of eight children, four boys and four girls; three of these were considered to be at risk of developing emotional and behavioural problems. The targeted skills were supporting, cooperating, establishing social contacts, participating, reducing aggression and handling conflict situations. The theoretical framework underlying the social skills intervention programme was based on cognitive‐social learning theory and scaffolding. The programme consisted of nine, 30‐35 minute, training sessions which were presented over a one and a half month period. Pretest/posttest assessment indicated that the intervention programme was effective in increasing some positive and reducing some negative behaviours. The sociometric assessment, however, showed few changes from pre‐training to posttraining. 相似文献
28.
Critique of the Schema Concept 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bo Dahlin 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3):287-300
A basic concept in most theories in cognitive psychology, as well as in many versions of constructivism, is that of the schema. The questions behind this paper concern the nature of schemata and what role the concept plays in educational theory and practice. It starts with a brief look at the historical development of the concept, from Kant to its use in some modern textbooks of psychology. One argument is that during its history the originally hypothetical character of the concept has been forgotten. It is now more or less taken for granted that schemata exist. But there are logical inconsistencies in applications of the concept and its usefulness within educational theories can be questioned. The concept also lends itself to manipulatory psychological practices, illustrated by the example of a US advertising company. The paper ends with a suggestion that we return to Aristotle and a more phenomenological approach to the questions of learning and knowledge formation. 相似文献
29.
Bo Dahlin 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(4):327-346
The aim of this article is to introduce some theoretical frameworks which may develop the research going on within phenomenography and variation theory. Central concepts from the epistemological and cognitive theories of Charles S. Peirce, Niklas Luhmann and Margaret Boden are presented and their implications for phenomenography and variation theory are discussed. Peirce's concept of the semiotic triad clarifies the interrelations of conceptions, their linguistic expressions and their meanings or referents. Luhmann's concepts of primary and secondary distinctions point out an implicit hierarchy of dimensions of variation. Boden's notion of conceptual spaces as grounds for explorative and transformative creativity points to the relevance and value of becoming familiar with the conceptional spaces of the outcomes of phenomenographic studies. Finally, I point to the possibility of including the notion of a “hidden curriculum” of the discipline as an implicit dimension of variation in classroom studies based on variation theory. 相似文献
30.
Radhika Gorur Mary Hamilton Christian Lundahl Elin Sundström Sjödin 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2019,40(1):1-15
ABSTRACTScience and Technology Studies (STS) has been surprisingly slow to become widely known and deployed in the field of education. Yet STS has a rich array of concepts and analytical methods to offer to studies of: knowledge practices and epistemic cultures; the interrelationship between states and knowledge; regulatory practices, governance and institutions; and classrooms, pedagogy, teaching and learning. Most importantly, it provides a fresh perspective on how power operates in ordering societies, disciplining actors and promoting ideas and practices. In this paper, we provide an introduction to STS and elaborate what it offers education scholars. Using examples from the emerging body of STS work in the field of education, and in particular from the papers in this special issue, we argue that STS is not only useful, but an exciting and generative form of critique – one that is especially suited to investigating contemporary issues in education policies and practices. 相似文献