A homogeneous group of persons with learning disabilities: adults with severe learning disabilities in vocational rehabilitation     

E H Minskoff  R Hawks  E F Steidle  F J Hoffmann 《Journal of learning disabilities》1989,22(8):521-528

The results of a comprehensive psychoeducational assessment of adults having learning disabilities (LD) and participating in vocational rehabilitation are presented. The subjects were found to have low-average general intelligence; lower verbal than performance IQs; attention, reasoning, and auditory memory deficits; academic achievement at the fourth-/fifth-grade level; language problems; and low self-esteem. These results were contrasted with other studies of adults with LD in vocational rehabilitation, and all studies on this population reported similar findings. A comparison of studies of adults with LD who were clients of vocational rehabilitation with those in college or employed and with those who had been labeled as learning disabled in childhood indicated that the adults with LD in vocational rehabilitation seem to constitute a homogeneous group of persons with severe deficits. The need to subtype learning disabilities by severity and criteria for making such determinations are proposed.  相似文献   

Australian occupational therapists' use of an online evidence-based practice database (OTseeker)     

McKenna K  Bennett S  Dierselhuis Z  Hoffmann T  Tooth L  McCluskey A 《Health information and libraries journal》2005,22(3):205-214

INTRODUCTION: Online databases can support the implementation of evidence-based practice by providing easy access to research. OTseeker (http://www.otseeker.com), an electronic evidence database, was introduced in 2003 to assist occupational therapists to locate and interpret research. OBJECTIVES: This study explored Australian occupational therapists' use and perceptions of OTseeker and its impact on their knowledge and practice. METHODS: A postal survey questionnaire was distributed to two samples: (i) a proportionate random sample of 400 occupational therapists from all states and territories of Australia, and (ii) a random sample of occupational therapists working in 95 facilities in two Australian states (Queensland and New South Wales). RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 213 participants. While most participants (85.9%) had heard of OTseeker, only 103 (56.6%) had accessed it, with lack of time being the main reason for non-use. Of the 103 participants who had accessed OTseeker, 68.9% had done so infrequently, 63.1% agreed that it had increased their knowledge and 13.6% had changed their practice after accessing information on OTseeker. CONCLUSION: Despite OTseeker being developed to provide occupational therapists with easy access to research, lack of time was the main reason why over half of the participants in this study had not accessed it. This exploratory research suggests, however, that there is potential for the database to influence occupational therapists' knowledge and practice about treatment efficacy through access to the research literature.  相似文献   

Motor Skill Performance by Low SES Preschool and Typically Developing Children on the PDMS-2     

Ting Liu  Chelsea Hoffmann  Michelle Hamilton 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2017,45(1):53-60

The purpose of this study was to compare the motor skill performance of preschool children from low socioeconomic (SES) backgrounds to their age matched typically developing peers using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2). Sixty-eight children (34 low SES and 34 typically developing; ages 3–5) performed the PDMS-2. Standard scores from each subtest (i.e., stationary, locomotion, object manipulation, grasping, and visual-motor integration) and three quotient scores were calculated for the children identified as low SES and typically developing children. A MANOVA was used to analyze the PDMS-2 standard score and quotient score differences between the children identified as low SES and the typically developing children. All preschool children identified as low SES scored at average or lower on total motor quotient scores. Specifically, 88.2 % of children identified as low SES were classified as average, and 11.8 % of children were in the below average performance category. The MANOVA analysis showed that children identified as low SES scored significantly lower than the typically developing children on the visual-motor integration subtest, F(1,64) = 7.232, p = .009; locomotion subtest, F(1,64) = 11.449, p = .001; and TMQ, F(1,64) = 4.732, p = .033. Children identified as low SES were significantly delayed in both fine and gross motor skill areas when compared to their typically developing age and gender matched peers. Researchers are recommended to provide comprehensive assessments for preschool children and to include motor tasks when designing early intervention programs.  相似文献   

Genetics and Neuroscience in Dyslexia: Perspectives for Education and Remediation     

Gerd Schulte-Körne  Kerstin U. Ludwig  Jennifer el Sharkawy  Markus M. Nöthen  Bertram Müller-Myhsok  Per Hoffmann 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2007,1(4):162-172

ABSTRACT— Our understanding of the causes of a developmental disorder like dyslexia has received recent input from both neuroscience and genetics. The discovery of 4 candidate genes for dyslexia and the identification of neuronal networks engaged when children read and spell are the basis for introducing this knowledge into education. However, the input from educational practitioners as well as empirical knowledge from research on learning also contribute significantly to our understanding of how children acquire the basic skills for learning to read and spell. It is imperative to merge the knowledge acquired from research in the fields of neuroscience, genetics, and empirical education, as well as to understand how the learning brain and instruction interact. Doing so can be seen as a major step in attaining an optimal approach for teaching, reading, and spelling and for finding the best suited and most effective treatment concepts for dyslexic children and adolescents.  相似文献   

An examination of the relationship between athlete leadership and cohesion using social network analysis     

Todd M. Loughead  Katrien Fransen  Stef Van Puyenbroeck  Matt D. Hoffmann  Bert De Cuyper  Norbert Vanbeselaere 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(21):2063-2073

Two studies investigated the structure of different athlete leadership networks and its relationship to cohesion using social network analysis. In Study 1, we examined the relationship between a general leadership quality network and task and social cohesion as measured by the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). In Study 2, we investigated the leadership networks for four different athlete leadership roles (task, motivational, social and external) and their association with task and social cohesion networks. In Study 1, the results demonstrated that the general leadership quality network was positively related to task and social cohesion. The results from Study 2 indicated positive correlations between the four leadership networks and task and social cohesion networks. Further, the motivational leadership network emerged as the strongest predictor of the task cohesion network, while the social leadership network was the strongest predictor of the social cohesion network. The results complement a growing body of research indicating that athlete leadership has a positive association with cohesion.  相似文献   

Metacognition and Multiplicity: The Arts as Models and Agents     

Jessica Hoffmann Davis 《Educational Psychology Review》2000,12(3):339-359

This article proposes (1) that educational theories usually reserved for behind-the-scenes curriculum design should be considered as the open content of metacognitive activities in the classroom; and (2) that works of art are particularly rich sources for the invitation and validation of multiple perspectives. The author provides examples of reflection on evolving theories of education that may help students' metacognition with regard to their own learning and the learning of others. As specific examples of this claim, Gardner's theories of multiple intelligences and entry points are explored as authentic topics for classroom learning. Suggesting and reviewing art-related metacognitive activities that engage inquiry, access, and reflection, the paper draws from research led by the author in Project Museums Uniting with Schools in Education (MUSE).  相似文献   

纳粹统治下的德国物理学会     

迪特尔·霍夫曼  马克·沃克 《科学文化评论》2005,2(4):78-89

1933年到1945年的德国物理学会的历史并不能完全涵盖希特勒统治下的物理学史,但它确实也反映了在第三帝国期间物理学家工作和生活的许多重要方面.  相似文献   

A computational fluid dynamics model for wind simulation: model implementation and experimental validation     

Zhuo-dong?ZhangEmail author  Ralf?Wieland  Matthias?Reiche  Roger?Funk  Carsten?Hoffmann  Yong?Li  Michael?Sommer 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2012,13(4):274-283

To provide physically based wind modelling for wind erosion research at regional scale, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) wind model was developed. The model was programmed in C language based on the Navier-Stokes equations, and it is freely available as open source. Integrated with the spatial analysis and modelling tool (SAMT), the wind model has convenient input preparation and powerful output visualization. To validate the wind model, a series of experiments was conducted in a wind tunnel. A blocking inflow experiment was designed to test the performance of the model on simulation of basic fluid processes. A round obstacle experiment was designed to check if the model could simulate the influences of the obstacle on wind field. Results show that measured and simulated wind fields have high correlations, and the wind model can simulate both the basic processes of the wind and the influences of the obstacle on the wind field. These results show the high reliability of the wind model. A digital elevation model (DEM) of an area (3800 m long and 1700 m wide) in the Xilingele grassland in Inner Mongolia (autonomous region, China) was applied to the model, and a 3D wind field has been successfully generated. The clear implementation of the model and the adequate validation by wind tunnel experiments laid a solid foundation for the prediction and assessment of wind erosion at regional scale.  相似文献   

Twin Wells: the reconstruction and re-installation of a multi-media installation with fog and sound elements by Dennis Oppenheim     

Artemis Rüstau  Claire Hoffmann  Kerstin Mürer 《文物保护研究》2016,61(3):327-328

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Facilitation and impairment of conditioning in the preweanling rat after prior exposure to the conditioned stimulus     

Heather Hoffmann  Norman E. Spear 《Learning & behavior》1989,17(1):63-69

Olfactory aversion conditioning of preweanling rats, 10 or 18 days postnatal, was tested after some had been given nonreinforced experience with the to-be-conditioned odor stimulus. In three experiments, it was established that the amount of prior exposure to the CS determined the effectiveness of conditioning. For both ages, odor-shock conditioning was more likely impaired with longer durations of preexposure. This effect was more apparent in the older animals. Low to moderate degrees of prior exposure to the CS under some conditions facilitated, rather than impaired, olfactory conditioning in the 10-day-old rat. This result is in agreement with one previous study in which facilitation in learning was reported for this age after short-term preexposure to the CS. The present study adds to previous data on differential effects of CS preexposure on conditioning. Although the conditions under which facilitation rather than impairment occurs are not yet clear, age-related differences in the effects of CS preexposure were apparent in the present experiments.  相似文献