Improving Opportunities for Adult Learning — the Construction Industry in France     

Isabelle Libert 《European Journal of Education》2004,39(1):91-104

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Global News Broadcasting in the Pre-Television Era: A Cross-National Comparative Analysis of World War II Newsreel Coverage     

Scott L. Althaus  Kaye Usry  Stanley Richards  Bridgette Van Thuyle  Isabelle Aron  Lu Huang 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2018,62(1):147-167

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A school‐based violence prevention model for at‐risk eighth grade youth     

Stephen A. Rollin  Cheryl Kaiser‐Ulrey  Isabelle Potts  Alia Haque Creason 《Psychology in the schools》2003,40(4):403-416

This study examined the effectiveness of a school and community‐based violence prevention program for at‐risk eighth‐grade students in three public schools in Florida. School officials matched intervention students with community‐based mentors in an employment setting to allow targeted youth to explore careers and receive one‐on‐one intervention from an adult mentor. Intervention students were compared to a control group of students not receiving mentorship services. This study used MANOVA and t‐test analyses to examine six outcomes measured: (1) unexcused absences; (2) number of in‐school suspensions; (3) number of days of in‐school suspensions; (4) number of out‐of‐school suspensions; (5) number of days of out‐of‐school suspensions; and (6) total number of infractions committed on school property. The findings suggested that mentored students, as compared to control group students, had significant reductions in total number and days of suspensions, days of sanction, and infractions committed on school property. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 403–416, 2003.  相似文献   

Glenohumeral contact force during flat and topspin tennis forehand drives     

Yoann Blache  Thomas Creveaux  Raphaël Dumas  Laurence Chèze  Isabelle Rogowski 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(1):127-142

The primary role of the shoulder joint in tennis forehand drive is at the expense of the loadings undergone by this joint. Nevertheless, few studies investigated glenohumeral (GH) contact forces during forehand drives. The aim of this study was to investigate GH compressive and shearing forces during the flat and topspin forehand drives in advanced tennis players. 3D kinematics of flat and topspin forehand drives of 11 advanced tennis players were recorded. The Delft Shoulder and Elbow musculoskeletal model was implemented to assess the magnitude and orientation of GH contact forces during the forehand drives. The results showed no differences in magnitude and orientation of GH contact forces between the flat and topspin forehand drives. The estimated maximal GH contact force during the forward swing phase was 3573 ± 1383 N, which was on average 1.25 times greater than during the follow-through phase, and 5.8 times greater than during the backswing phase. Regardless the phase of the forehand drive, GH contact forces pointed towards the anterior-superior part of the glenoid therefore standing for shearing forces. Knowledge of GH contact forces during real sport tasks performed at high velocity may improve the understanding of various sport-specific adaptations and causative factors for shoulder problems.  相似文献   

Discourse-aware rumour stance classification in social media using sequential classifiers     

Arkaitz Zubiaga  Elena Kochkina  Maria Liakata  Rob Procter  Michal Lukasik  Kalina Bontcheva  Trevor Cohn  Isabelle Augenstein 《Information processing & management》2018,54(2):273-290

Rumour stance classification, defined as classifying the stance of specific social media posts into one of supporting, denying, querying or commenting on an earlier post, is becoming of increasing interest to researchers. While most previous work has focused on using individual tweets as classifier inputs, here we report on the performance of sequential classifiers that exploit the discourse features inherent in social media interactions or ‘conversational threads’. Testing the effectiveness of four sequential classifiers – Hawkes Processes, Linear-Chain Conditional Random Fields (Linear CRF), Tree-Structured Conditional Random Fields (Tree CRF) and Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM) – on eight datasets associated with breaking news stories, and looking at different types of local and contextual features, our work sheds new light on the development of accurate stance classifiers. We show that sequential classifiers that exploit the use of discourse properties in social media conversations while using only local features, outperform non-sequential classifiers. Furthermore, we show that LSTM using a reduced set of features can outperform the other sequential classifiers; this performance is consistent across datasets and across types of stances. To conclude, our work also analyses the different features under study, identifying those that best help characterise and distinguish between stances, such as supporting tweets being more likely to be accompanied by evidence than denying tweets. We also set forth a number of directions for future research.  相似文献   

La representación cognitiva de los verbos. Aproximación descriptiva y evolutiva     

Isabelle Bonnotte  Anton Kaifer  Michel Fayol  Itziar Idiazábal 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(54):101-116

Resumen

Con el objeto de tener un mayor conocimiento del funcionamiento de las formas verbales en castellano, este trabajo aporta datos empíricos relativos a la manera cómo se representan las características del proceso (Aktionsart) descritas por el verbo. Tres son los factores estudiados: la duratividad, la resultatividad y la iteratividad o continuidad del proceso. Utilizando una metodología de representación gráfica se han recogido datos de una población de 42 adultos y 72 niños distribuidos en 4 grupos correspondientes a los cursos 2°, 4°, 6° y 8°

Los resultados obtenidos con los nueve verbos estudiados demuestran, por un lado, la validez del método ya que hace aparecer una neta dicotomía que opone los procesos resultativos no durativos a los no resultativos durativos, y por otro, que la duratividad y la resultatividad del proceso son captados de manera muy semejante por los adultos y por los niños de 4°, 6.° y 8.°, si bien los de 2.° denotan un menor acuerdo interindividual. Por último, el factor duratividad o iteratividad no constituye en esta prueba una dimensión discriminante.  相似文献   

Characterizing the Experimental Procedure in Science Laboratories: A preliminary step towards students experimental design     

Isabelle Girault  Cedric d’Ham  Muriel Ney  Eric Sanchez  Claire Wajeman 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(6):825-854

Many studies have stressed students’ lack of understanding of experiments in laboratories. Some researchers suggest that if students design all or parts of entire experiment, as part of an inquiry-based approach, it would overcome certain difficulties. It requires that a procedure be written for experimental design. The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of a procedure in science laboratories, in an educational context. As a starting point, this paper proposes a model in the form of a hierarchical task diagram that gives the general structure of any procedure. This model allows both the analysis of existing procedures and the design of a new inquiry-based approach. The obtained characteristics are further organized into criteria that can help both teachers and students assess a procedure during and after its writing. These results are obtained through two different sets of data. First, the characteristics of procedures are established by analysing laboratory manuals. This allows the organization and type of information in procedures to be defined. This analysis reveals that students are seldom asked to write a full procedure, but sometimes have to specify tasks within a procedure. Secondly, iterative interviews are undertaken with teachers. This leads to the list of criteria to evaluate the procedure.  相似文献   

Grade 12 French Students’ use of a Thermodynamic Model for Predicting the Direction of Incomplete Chemical Changes     

Isabelle Kermen  Martine Méheut 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(13):1745-1773

The authors of the current chemistry curriculum—implemented in Grade 12 in France—provided a criterion of change allowing prediction of direction of chemical changes and pointed out the difference to be made between experimental facts and models. A study analysing part of the curriculum content and the effects of teaching this content on students’ reasoning was conducted. The content analysis presents the functioning of the thermodynamic model, which highlights the links to be made between the experimental situation and the model when predicting the direction of a chemical change. This functioning specifies the role of the chemical equation and that of the criterion of change (comparing the reaction quotient to the equilibrium constant) and stresses the crucial points that may lead to misunderstandings. Written tests were administered to students after teaching them to determine how they predicted the direction of a chemical change, and whether they made a relevant choice between using the chemical equation and using the criterion of change and a clear distinction between the experimental situation and the thermodynamic model. Few students had a good understanding of the respective roles of the criterion and the chemical equation. A majority used the criterion to predict the direction of chemical changes relevantly, but correct answers were not widespread. Two particular mistakes, the modification of the expression of the reaction quotient and the prediction of a change despite a missing reactant, revealed that students do not properly understand the difference and the relationship between the experimental situation and the thermodynamic model.  相似文献   

German Book Publishers’ Barriers to Disruptive Innovations: The Case of E-Book Adoption     

Christopher Buschow  Isabelle Nölle  Beate Schneider 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2014,30(1):63-76

To succeed in a period of change, German book publishers need to adopt innovations, e.g., implement e-books into their product portfolio. Yet, in the book industry, the adoption of new technologies is not commonplace: Despite being the second biggest book market worldwide, only 1.2 % of all published books in Germany are available as e-books. This problem leads us to investigate the factors that determine whether publishing companies decide in favor or against entering the e-book market. Based on a standardized survey of more than 240 German publishing houses, barriers to innovation adoption are examined from a micro, meso and macro perspective. Our main findings show that individual characteristics of management and the company’s corporate culture strongly predict adoption. Also, organizational communication seems to be critical. Taking this into account, the key resource to enable innovation seems to be information underlining the necessity of communities of practice.  相似文献   

Scapulothoracic kinematics during tennis forehand drive     

Isabelle Rogowski  Thomas Creveaux  Laurence Chèze  Raphaël Dumas 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(2):166-175

Scapular dyskinesis is recognized as an abnormality in the kinetic chain; yet, there has been little research quantifying scapular motion during sport tasks. Tennis forehand drives of eight highly skilled tennis players were studied to assess the scapulothoracic kinematics and evaluate repeatability using video-based motion analysis. Scapulothoracic downward/upward rotation, posterior/anterior tilt, and internal/external rotation were computed using an acromial marker cluster. On average, the upward rotation, anterior tilt, and internal rotation varied from 1° to 26°, from 7° to 32°, and from 42° to 100°, respectively, during the tennis forehand drive. During the backswing and forward swing phases of the forehand stroke, small changes were observed for the three scapular angle values, while all angles increased rapidly during the follow-through phase. This suggests that the tennis forehand drive may contribute to scapula dyskinesis, mainly due to the great amplitude in scapulothoracic anterior tilt and internal rotation observed during the follow-through phase. Knowledge of normal scapula motion during sport tasks performed at high velocity could improve the understanding of various sport-specific adaptations and pathologies.  相似文献