Learners' epistemic criteria for good scientific models     

William J. Pluta  Clark A. Chinn  Ravit Golan Duncan 《科学教学研究杂志》2011,48(5):486-511

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Social-emotional effects of early childhood education programs in Tulsa     

Gormley WT  Phillips DA  Newmark K  Welti K  Adelstein S 《Child development》2011,82(6):2095-2109

This article assesses the effects of Tulsa, Oklahoma's early childhood education programs on social-emotional outcomes, examining teacher ratings of children's behavior from the Adjustment Scales for Preschool Intervention and a measure of attentiveness using fixed effects regressions with propensity score matching. The sample includes 2,832 kindergarten students in 2006, of whom 1,318 participated in the Tulsa Public Schools (TPS) pre-K program and 363 participated in the CAP of Tulsa County Head Start program the previous year. Program participation was associated with lower timidity and higher attentiveness for TPS pre-K alumni and a marginally significant reduction in timidity for Head Start alumni. Results were similar for the free lunch-eligible subsample. We conclude that high-quality, school-based preschool programs can enhance social-emotional development.  相似文献   

Friendship moderates prospective associations between social isolation and adjustment problems in young children     

Laursen B  Bukowski WM  Aunola K  Nurmi JE 《Child development》2007,78(4):1395-1404

This longitudinal study investigated prospective links between social isolation and adjustment problems among 166 (77 girls, 89 boys) Finnish children ages 7 to 9. Peer nominations for social engagement and self-reports of internalizing and externalizing problems were collected in the spring of the 1st and 2nd grade. Friendship moderated prospective associations between peer and adjustment variables. Among friended children, there were no prospective associations between social isolation and either internalizing or externalizing problems. Among unfriended children, initial social isolation was positively linked to subsequent increases in internalizing and externalizing problems, and initial internalizing and externalizing problems predicted subsequent increases in social isolation. The findings suggest that friendship buffers against the adverse consequences associated with being isolated and presenting adjustment difficulties.  相似文献   

Autonomy and children's reactions to being controlled: evidence that both compliance and defiance may be positive markers in early development     

Dix T  Stewart AD  Gershoff ET  Day WH 《Child development》2007,78(4):1204-1221

This study examined reactions of 1-year-olds and young 2-year-olds to being controlled by mothers. Mothers' supportive behavior predicted children's willing compliance. However, contrary to research with older children, defiance was also associated with variables linked to maternal competence, specifically, mothers' supportive behavior, autonomy-granting controls, and low depressive symptoms. At this age high-defiant children initiated positive interaction with mothers more than did low-defiant children. With age, children displayed more willing compliance and more active resistance (defiance, low passivity). However, developmental increases in active resistance were absent when mothers were high in depressive symptoms. Findings are consistent with the proposal that in early development active resistance to parents often reflects children's motivation to control events, not poor parenting or strained parent-child relationships.  相似文献   

Re-Discovering a Roman Wall Painting at Harvard: New Research on a Fragment from the Villa at Boscotrecase     

Elizabeth M. Molacek  Katherine Eremin  Lucy J. Cooper  Georgina Rayner 《文物保护研究》2020,65(5):296-311

ABSTRACT

This article presents historical and scientific analysis, as well as the conservation treatment of a newly rediscovered Roman wall painting fragment, now in the collection of the Harvard Art Museums. Although the piece has not previously been published, it was among a group of fragments removed from a Roman villa near Boscotrecase in southern Italy, an area that has been key to the study of Roman wall painting and other decoration. Technical imaging confirms the use of painting techniques consistent with other high-quality paintings in the area. Materials analysis revealed a palette consistent with published findings of Roman wall paintings, including abundant use of Egyptian blue and green earth. Of interest was the use of Egyptian blue as an optical brightener in select white passages. Despite the high quality of the painting, no cinnabar was present, and all red passages were achieved using hematite. Multiple different white minerals were identified including calcite, aragonite, and gypsum. The widespread presence of gypsum is unusual and may point to alteration.  相似文献   

The Effect of Data Acquisition-Probeware and Digital Video Analysis on Accurate Graphical Representation of Kinetics in a High School Physics Class     

William Struck  Randy Yerrick 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2010,19(2):199-211

The effects of two types of two well-established microcomputer-based teaching methods were examined for their effect teaching high school students kinetics. The use of data acquisition probeware and digital video analysis were studied for their impact on students’conceptions and ability to interpret graphical relationships to real world events. The abilities of high school physics students to accurately graph kinetics using distance, velocity and acceleration in one dimensional motion varied between and among the groups. Using a split category random assignment analysis students investigated these motions with both. In a quasi experimental fashion students received similar instruction on each but in a different sequence. Students received the similar teaching in reverse order and both strategies were found to be successful and complementary. There were indications student achievement was higher for velocity–time and acceleration-time graphs using the digital video analysis method. Implications for this study on teaching tools, methodologies, curriculum development, program implementation, and assessment are discussed.  相似文献   

Consultative instructor supervision and evaluation     

William W. Lee 《Performance Improvement》2010,49(5):26-30

Organizations vary greatly in how they monitor training instructors. The methods used in monitoring vary greatly. This article presents a systematic process for improving instructor skills that result in better teaching and better learning, which results in better‐prepared employees for the workforce. The consultative supervision and evaluation model breaks monitoring into two distinct phases: supervision, for the purpose of improving instruction, and evaluation, for the purpose of rating instructors for promotion, retention, raises, and bonuses.  相似文献   

Design,implementation, and evaluation of an innovative anatomy course     

Lawrence J. Rizzolo  William C. Rando  Michael K. O'Brien  Andrew H. Haims  James J. Abrahams  William B. Stewart 《Anatomical sciences education》2010,3(3):109-120

Starting in 2004, a medical school gross anatomy course faced with a 30% cut in hours went through an extensive redesign, which transformed a traditional dissection course into a course with a clinical focus, learning societies, and extensive on‐line learning support. Built into the redesign process was an extensive and ongoing assessment process, which included student focus groups, faculty development, surveys, and examinations. These assessments were used formatively, to enhance the course from year to year, and summatively, to determine how well the course was meeting the new learning objectives. The assessments from focus groups and faculty development prompted changes in support structures provided to students and the training and preparation of faculty. Survey results showed that, after student satisfaction declined the first year, satisfaction increased steadily through the fourth iteration as the course gained acceptance by students and faculty alike. There was a corresponding increase in the performance of students on course examinations. An additional examination given to students one and a half and three years after their anatomy course ended demonstrated the redesigned course's long‐term effectiveness for retaining anatomical knowledge and applying it to clinical cases. Compared to students who took the original course, students who took the shorter, more clinical course performed as well, or better, on each section of the examination. We attribute these positive results to the innovative course design and to the changes made based on our formative assessment program. Anat Sci Educ, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

Teaching Bioinformatics and Neuroinformatics by Using Free Web-based Tools     

William Grisham  Natalie A. Schottler  Joanne Valli-Marill  Lisa Beck  Jackson Beatty 《CBE life sciences education》2010,9(2):98-107

This completely computer-based module''s purpose is to introduce students to bioinformatics resources. We present an easy-to-adopt module that weaves together several important bioinformatic tools so students can grasp how these tools are used in answering research questions. Students integrate information gathered from websites dealing with anatomy (Mouse Brain Library), quantitative trait locus analysis (WebQTL from GeneNetwork), bioinformatics and gene expression analyses (University of California, Santa Cruz Genome Browser, National Center for Biotechnology Information''s Entrez Gene, and the Allen Brain Atlas), and information resources (PubMed). Instructors can use these various websites in concert to teach genetics from the phenotypic level to the molecular level, aspects of neuroanatomy and histology, statistics, quantitative trait locus analysis, and molecular biology (including in situ hybridization and microarray analysis), and to introduce bioinformatic resources. Students use these resources to discover 1) the region(s) of chromosome(s) influencing the phenotypic trait, 2) a list of candidate genes—narrowed by expression data, 3) the in situ pattern of a given gene in the region of interest, 4) the nucleotide sequence of the candidate gene, and 5) articles describing the gene. Teaching materials such as a detailed student/instructor''s manual, PowerPoints, sample exams, and links to free Web resources can be found at http://mdcune.psych.ucla.edu/modules/bioinformatics.  相似文献   

Trauma symptoms among infants exposed to intimate partner violence   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Bogat GA  DeJonghe E  Levendosky AA  Davidson WS  von Eye A 《Child abuse & neglect》2006,30(2):109-125

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether infants have a traumatic response to intimate partner violence (male violence toward their female partner; IPV) experienced by their mothers, two questions were explored: (1) Is the number of infant trauma symptoms related to the infant's temperament and the mother's mental health? (2) Does severity of violence moderate those relationships? METHODOLOGY: Forty-eight mothers reported whether their 1-year-old infants experienced trauma symptoms as a result of witnessing episodes of IPV during their first year of life. Mothers also reported on their own trauma symptoms that resulted from experiences of IPV. RESULTS: For those infants experiencing severe IPV and whose mothers exhibit trauma symptoms, we were able to predict whether infants exhibited trauma symptoms (b = .53, p < .01). This was not true for children who witnessed less severe IPV (b= -.14, ns). Maternal depressive symptoms and difficult infant temperament did not predict infant trauma symptoms for either group of infants. CONCLUSION: Mothers report that infants as young as 1-year-old can experience trauma symptoms as a result of hearing or witnessing IPV. The significant relationship between infant and maternal trauma symptoms, especially among those infants experiencing severe IPV, are consistent with the theory of relational PTSD. Findings suggest that interventions for mothers and families need to consider the influence of the severity of IPV on very young children.  相似文献