关于理科教育的一种理论根据     

J.W.林纳  E.A.马莱克作  武永兴 《课程.教材.教法》1990,(11)

关于理科教育的任何一种合理的理论根据必须包括教育目的、学科和一种学习的模型。 教育目的 关于学校应达到的目的,曾是许多论文的主题,但它们中间存在着争论和分歧。对这些争论本文将不涉及,但有一个是例外;这个例外就是美国教育政策委员会1961年报告书中扼要陈述的,即认为教育的中心目的是教学生思维。这一任务在该委员会的“美国教育的中心目的”论文中详细地阐述如下:  相似文献   

项目规模和软件维护的生产率——软件维护中的规模经济的经验理论     

Rajw D Banker  Sandra A.Slanghter  吴嘉骏 《中国教育信息化》1995,(2)

尽管适当的项目规模在软件开发时是信息系统管理员所关心的问题,但他们认为软件维护项目的规模对软件维护生产率没有影响。这种观点忽视了预修改策略,例如把相似的维护要求集中起来形成一个较大的项目,在提高效率方面的作用。我们对一个国有大型零售公司的研究中发现了软件维护工程的项目规模和生产率之间的关系。我们采用数据包络分析(DEA)的非参数方法来估计软件维护项目的投入和产出之间的函数关系,并且确定了这个公司的所有维护项目中生产率最高项目的规模值。我们也采用了以DEA为基础的试探法来测试这些项目中规模收益的存在。我们的结论是:在这些软件维护项目中,明显地存在规模经济。达到最高生产率的项目的规模大于样品项目中90%的项目的规模。这个结论说明:如果在这个公司中,将较小的项目集合成较大的项目予以实施就有可能提高软件维护的生产率。  相似文献   

关于博士后公寓管理模式几个问题的探讨     

王晓丹  张海戈  李威 《高校后勤研究》2006,(5):82-83

我国于1985年7月正式建立了博士后制度。20多年来全国有博士后流动站1300多个。到2005年,清华大学共有博士后流动站23个,在站人数为900多人。博士后管理工作的实践充分证明,博士后已成为高校师资队伍重要的补充力量,很多博士后在高校任教并成为教学、科研的骨干。随着博士后人数的不断扩大,所需博士后公寓数量不断上升,这给高校的管理工作提出许多新的要求。通过20年的实践,清华大学博士后近几年的规模迅速发展,平均每年以百分之十几的速度递增,因此住房需求量也在递增。近几年来基本上每年安排四批(每季度一批)博士后进站,由于每批博士后进…  相似文献   

Features of the Formation of Multi-view Autostereoscopic Image without Vertical Parallax     

Yu.N.Ovechkis  A.I.Vinokur  Ю.Н.Овечкис  А.И.Винокур 《出版与印刷》2016,(2):20-27

1.Introduction The reproduction systems of 3D images without using eyeglasses and other special accessories has always attracted attention and aroused great interest of developers and consumers of such equipment because of totally accurate image and method of its presentation.Such systems can be used and are already partially used in advertising,television,different devices (i.e.smartphones,tablet computers),at the exhibitions,etc.,as well as in various technical applications,training systems,simulators,etc.  相似文献   

爸爸妈妈 你们为什么不吻我呢     

M·A 厄克特  秋影 《家庭教育》2005,(1)

小女孩辛迪和她的爸爸妈妈生活在一起。她的家庭并不富裕,但一家人非常和睦,生活也很幸福。然而生活中好像还存在着什么缺憾,辛迪没意识到。辛迪9岁那年,第一次在外面过夜,那是在她的好朋友黛比家。睡觉前黛比的妈妈进来,分别轻轻地吻了吻她们的额头,并向她们道了“晚安”。“我爱你,黛比。”当黛比的妈妈吻过黛比之后,轻声地说道。“我也爱您,妈妈。”黛比喃喃地应道。面对此情此景,辛迪不禁大吃一惊,心中久久不能平静。从她记事以来,从来就没有人吻过她,还向她道晚安、说爱她之类的话。整整一夜,她的眼前始终闪现着黛比的妈妈轻吻黛比时的…  相似文献   

FLOSSWorld全球调查结果显示服务器更多使用开源软件     

Rishab A.Ghosh  刘佐达 《中国教育网络》2007,(1):39-39

FLOSSWorld调查的主体由5部分构成,包括:个人(Private sector)、政府(Government sector)、开源社区参与者(Open Source participants community)、高校管理者(Heigher Education Institutes——Administrators)、高校信息部门主管(Heigher Education Institute——ITManagers)  相似文献   

Synthetic and biological studies on a cyclopolypeptide of plant origin     

Dahiya R  Kumar A 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(5):391-400

Objective: A natural cyclic peptide previously isolated from Citrus medica was synthesized by coupling oftetrapep-tide units Boc-Leu-Pro-Trp-Leu-Ome and Boc-Ile-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ome after proper deprotection at carboxyl and amino terminals followed by cyclization of linear octapeptide segment.Methods: Solution phase technique was adopted for the synthesis of cyclooctapeptide--sarcodactylamide.Required tetrapeptide units were prepared by coupling of Boc-protected dipeptides viz.Boc-Leu-Pro-OH and Boc-Ile-Ala-OH with respective dipeptide methyl esters Trp-Leu-Ome and Ala-Gly-Ome.Cyclization of linear octapeptide unit was done by p-nitrophenyl ester method.The structure of synthesized cyclopolypeptide was elucidated by FTIR,1H NMR,13C NMR,FABMS spectral data and elemental analysis.The newly synthesized peptide was evaluated for dif-ferent pharmacological activities including antimicrobial,anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities.Results: Synthesis of sarcodac-tylamide was accomplished with >78% yield utilizing dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as coupling agent.Newly synthesized peptide possessed potent cytotoxic activity against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines,in addition to moderate anthelmintic activity against earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis,Pontoscotex corethruses and Eudrilus sp.Moreover,cyclopolypeptide displayed good antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa,in comparison to standard drugs griseofulvin and ciprofloxacin.Conclusion: Solution phase technique employing DCC and triethylamine (TEA) as base proved to be effective for the synthesis of natural cyclooctapeptide.N-methyl morpholine (NMM) was found to be a better base for the cyclization of linear octapeptide unit in comparison to TEA and pyridine.  相似文献   

Developmental links of very early phonological and language skills to second grade reading outcomes: strong to accuracy but only minor to fluency     

Puolakanaho A  Ahonen T  Aro M  Eklund K  Leppänen PH  Poikkeus AM  Tolvanen A  Torppa M  Lyytinen H 《Journal of learning disabilities》2008,41(4):353-370

The authors examined second grade reading accuracy and fluency and their associations via letter knowledge to phonological and language predictors assessed at 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years in children in the Jyv?skyl? Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia. Structural equation modeling showed that a developmentally highly stable factor (early phonological and language processing [EPLP]) behind key dyslexia predictors (i.e., phonological awareness, short-term memory, rapid naming, vocabulary, and pseudoword repetition) could already be identified at 3.5 years. EPLP was significantly associated with reading and spelling accuracy and by age with letter knowledge. However, EPLP had only a minor link with reading fluency, which was additionally explained by early letter knowledge. The results show that reading accuracy is well predicted by early phonological and language skills. Variation in fluent reading skills is not well explained by early skills, suggesting factors other than phonological core skills. Future research is suggested to explore the factors behind the development of fast and accurate decoding skills.  相似文献   

基于国家教育标准的地理教材   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.David Hill  石昍 《中学语文教学参考(高中生版(学语文))》1995,(5)

为进一步增强美国地理教育。我们要做的许多事情之一就是改进教材的质量。其中最主要的三个方面的任务是:(1)开发优良的教材,(2)利用教师联盟的在职培训网络和职前教育计划培训教师使用这种新教材,(3)通过提供强有力的课程指导,特别是将教材与师资培训和基于国家  相似文献   

Deafness, language skills, and rehearsal: a model for the development of a memory strategy     

Bebko J  Metcalfe-Haggert A 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》1997,2(3):131-139

We review a series of studies that evaluate the role of developing language skills as a prerequisite to spontaneous rehearsal use in deaf populations. We propose a theoretical model that summarizes the contribution of language skills by highlighting the interrelations among age, language proficiency, and automatized language skills. In an initial test of the model, an index of deaf children's language experience was found to be an almost complete mediator of strategy use. Increasing language proficiency, therefore, was implicated as a critical variable in predicting children's spontaneous rehearsal use, minimizing any direct contribution from age per se. In a more direct assessment of the link between general language proficiency and rehearsal use, pragmatic language skills (as measured by the Language Proficiency Profile: LPP-I) were found to be a nearly complete mediator of rehearsal use, with the remaining contributions of age and language experience being nonsignificant. Language proficiency, therefore, was identified as a strong and necessary prerequisite for rehearsal to be used spontaneously as a memory strategy. The additional hypothesis that the automatization of these general language skills, measured by a rapid automatized naming task (RAN), contributes to spontaneous rehearsal was also evaluated. Automatized language emerged as a partial mediator of the language proficiency → rehearsal use relation but additional language-processing variables were implicated. We discuss these findings as they relate to issues around the nature of language proficiency and the identification of those automatized language skills involved in rehearsal.  相似文献