Beyond a unitary conception of pedagogic pace: quantitative measurement and ethnographic experience     

Adam Lefstein  Julia Snell 《British Educational Research Journal》2013,39(1):73-106

English education policy‐makers have targeted classroom time as a key area for regulation and intervention, with ‘brisk pace’ widely accepted as a feature of good teaching practice. We problematise this conventional wisdom through an exploration of objective and subjective dimensions of lesson pace in a corpus of 30 Key Stage 2 literacy lessons from three classrooms in one London school. Systematic classroom observation produced an anomaly: the lessons we experienced as fast‐paced were rated objectively as slowest, and vice‐versa. We contrasted the fastest and slowest episodes in the corpus, demonstrating that for these episodes the accepted measure of pace primarily reflected differences in utterance length. Linguistic ethnographic micro‐analysis of the episodes highlighted predictability, stakes, meaning and dramatic performance as key factors contributing to pace as experienced. We argue, among other claims, that sometimes accelerating pupils' experience—and learning—necessitates slowing down the pace of teaching, and that government calls for urgency may, perversely, make lessons slower.  相似文献   

Therapists in a Foreign Land: Acculturation, Language Proficiency and Counseling Self-Efficacy among Foreign-Born Therapists Practicing in the United States     

Karni Kissil  Maureen Davey  Adam Davey 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2013,35(3):216-233

Immigration and acculturation can have profound effects on counselors’ sense of self and interactions with others. Yet the influence of being an immigrant on a therapist’s use of self during actual clinical encounters has received very little empirical attention, even though the number of foreign-born counselors is steadily increasing in the U.S. In order to fill this gap we conducted a web-based survey study to examine the associations between acculturation, language proficiency, and clinician’s self-efficacy in a sample of 258 foreign-born counselors and providers currently practicing in the U.S. Results suggest that perceived prejudice and not the level of acculturation is significantly associated with levels of clinical self-efficacy, suggesting that the attitudes and behaviors of the host community play a much bigger role in the acculturation of immigrant therapists than previously assumed.  相似文献   

Development of Intra‐ and Intergroup Judgments in the Context of Moral and Social‐Conventional Norms     

Melanie Killen  Adam Rutland  Dominic Abrams  Kelly Lynn Mulvey  Aline Hitti 《Child development》2013,84(3):1063-1080

Children and adolescents evaluated group inclusion and exclusion in the context of generic and group‐specific norms involving morality and social conventions. Participants (N = 381), aged 9.5 and 13.5 years, judged an in‐group member's decision to deviate from the norms of the group, whom to include, and whether their personal preference was the same as what they expected a group should do. Deviating from in‐group moral norms about unequal allocation of resources was viewed more positively than deviating from conventional norms about nontraditional dress codes. With age, participants gave priority to group‐specific norms and differentiated what the group should do from their own preference about the group's decision, revealing a developmental picture about children's complex understanding of group dynamics and group norms.  相似文献   

Design lessons about participatory self-directed online learning in a graduate-level instructional technology course     

Lisa C. Yamagata-Lynch  Jaewoo Do  Anne L. Skutnik  Duren J. Thompson  Adam F. Stephens  Cheryl A. Tays 《Open Learning》2013,28(2):178-189

This article reports on a case of participatory self-directed online learning within the context of a graduate-level instructional technology course. The course was about online learning environments and relied on both asynchronous and synchronous technologies. In this case, the instructor and students engaged in collaborative course design through one of the assignments where student teams and the instructor led one week’s worth of course activities and discussions. This article begins with a discussion of the literature on participatory self-directed online learning. Then, the article presents an overview of the course design, detailed discussion of the assignment that framed student participatory self-directed learning and two examples of student assignments. The framing question for organising this case was as follows: What lessons can a team of graduate students and the instructor learn about self-directed participatory online learning from a collaborative design project? The article ends with the overall lessons learned from the case and implications to future design of online activities.  相似文献   

The hypothesis testing knowledge blend     

Ted?RandlesEmail author  Christopher D?Blades  Adam?Fadlalla 《知识管理研究与实践》2008,6(4):339-349

The creation of several forms of knowledge that would enable organizations to ask and say the right things during complex diagnoses is proposed. Based on the concept of knowledge combustion, the hypothesis testing knowledge blend (HTKB) is the cognitive equivalent of petrol for the combustion engine. The HTKB requires the creation of a knowledge hybrid that uses existing technologies to ask and say the right things. In addition to timing mechanisms and problem space maps, two forms of declarative knowledge (directions and explanations) are integrated to create the HTKB. These directions and explanations would be obtained directly from the video recordings of diagnosticians conducting teleconsultations. By providing these profound dialogues during the conduct of complex diagnoses, the HTKB should increase the knowledge capital of organizations. Formal analyses are beginning to validate the conceptual structure (blue print) presented in this paper, and the results will be provided in the future.  相似文献   

Ethics for things     

Alison Adam 《Ethics and Information Technology》2008,10(2-3):149-154

This paper considers the ways that Information Ethics (IE) treats things. A number of critics have focused on IE’s move away from anthropocentrism to include non-humans on an equal basis in moral thinking. I enlist Actor Network Theory, Dennett’s views on ?as if’ intentionality and Magnani’s characterization of ?moral mediators’. Although they demonstrate different philosophical pedigrees, I argue that these three theories can be pressed into service in defence of IE’s treatment of things. Indeed the support they lend to the extension of moral status to non-human objects can be seen as part of a trend towards the accommodation of non-humans into our moral and social networks. A number of parallels are drawn between philosophical arguments over artificial intelligence and information ethics.  相似文献   

Robotic automation of droplet microfluidics     

Tuan M. Tran  Samuel C. Kim  Cyrus Modavi  Adam R. Abate 《Biomicrofluidics》2022,16(1)

Droplet microfluidics enables powerful analytic capabilities but often requires workflows involving macro- and microfluidic processing steps that are cumbersome to perform manually. Here, we demonstrate the automation of droplet microfluidics with commercial fluid-handling robotics. The workflows incorporate common microfluidic devices including droplet generators, mergers, and sorters and utilize the robot''s native capabilities for thermal control, incubation, and plate scanning. The ability to automate microfluidic devices using commercial fluid handling will speed up the integration of these methods into biological workflows.  相似文献   

Culture and climate change: handbook for city leaders     

David Adam 《Cultural Trends》2018,27(1):48-49

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Exploring athletes’ perceptions of coach stress in elite sport environments     

Richard C. Thelwell  Christopher R. D. Wagstaff  Adam Rayner  Michael Chapman  Jamie Barker 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(1):44-55

The present study aimed to extend research that has focused on the identification of stressors associated with coaching practice by systematically evaluating how such stressors effect athletes, and more broadly, the coach–athlete relationship. A total of 13 professional- and national-level athletes were interviewed to address the three study aims: how they detect when a coach is encountering stressors, how coach experiences of stress effects them as an athlete, and how effective the coach is when experiencing stress. Following content analysis, the data suggested athletes were able to detect when a coach was experiencing stress and this was typically via a variety of verbal and behavioural cues. Despite some positive effects of the coach experiencing stress, the majority were negative and varied across a range of personal influences on the athlete, and effects on the general coaching environment. It was also the broad view of the athletes that coaches were less effective when stressed, and this was reflected in performance expectations, perceptions of competence, and lack of awareness. The findings are discussed in relation to the existing theory and with reference to their implications for applied practice, future research, and development of the coach–athlete relationship.  相似文献   

The influence of game location and outcome on behaviour and mood states among professional rugby league players   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Polman R  Nicholls AR  Cohen J  Borkoles E 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(13):1491-1500

In this study, we examined the relationship between home and away matches on mood. In addition, the relationships between game location, game outcome, behavioural factors, and mood were investigated among 12 professional English rugby league players competing in the Super League. Participants completed daily diaries for 27 days. The diary consisted of six analogue scales measuring mood (relaxed-tense, energetic-weary, depressed-elated, tired-alert, anxious-calm, cheerful-miserable) as well as behavioural factors and self-rated performance. There were no significant differences in self-reported mood states leading up to home or away matches except for players feeling more tired when playing away. Significant relationships between mood and behaviours (e.g. sleep and eating) and subjective performance were observed. The outcome of the match was found to influence mood, with a defeat resulting in decreased mood. Our results show that game location did not influence mood and therefore does not provide an explanation for the home advantage.  相似文献