Non-Descender and All-Cap Arabic Writing     

Mohammad Ali Yaghan 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2018,30(2):166-190

Contrary to the common belief of Arabic language users that the Arabic writing system has descenders as an inherent quality, some historical examples demonstrate that there were some artistic attempts to create non-descender, all-cap calligraphic systems, but they have never been studied as a phenomenon. This article draws attention to the existence of these examples, and analyses and classifies them according to their form.

The article begins with an analysis of the current Arabic writing system in terms of descenders, differentiating between artistic and functional writing, defining the need for harmonious balance in artistic writing, and demonstrating that descenders do disrupt the balance in Arabic writing, which could be considered as an ascender-system.

Then, historical examples of the non-descender system are introduced, categorised into four visual stages, and the descender handling for each stage is described; all-capital letter examples are then introduced.

Finally, some historical texts describing the beauty of calligraphy in this specific system of writing are analysed.

Abbreviations: MET: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, www.metmuseum.org; LACMA: The Los Angeles County Museum of Art, www.lacma.org; No. : Accession Number  相似文献   

孔子与哲拉鲁丁·鲁米对新世纪的启迪——基于家庭自然观、道德观和生态观的比较     

爱登 《保定学院学报》2017,30(3)

比较和对照两位伟大的思想家——孔子与鲁米在家庭自然观、道德观、生态观等方面内在的相似性与不同点,可以丰富和拓宽我们对自然和自身的认知,建立针对生态破坏和过度消费自然的道德意识的基础.更重要的是,他们的智慧为我们构造了不同文化和文明之间理解和沟通的桥梁.  相似文献   

SKIPing With Head Start Teachers: Influence of T-SKIP on Object-Control Skills     

Ali Brian  Jacqueline D. Goodway  Jessica A. Logan  Sue Sutherland 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(4):479-491

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塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘地表反照率特征及参数化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金莉莉  李振杰  买买提艾力&#;买买提依明  何清  刘永强 《资源科学》2014,36(5):1051-1061

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘肖塘站观测资料,分析了地表反照率变化特征及影响因子,找出了土壤湿度临界点,分别拟合出地表反照率与太阳高度角、2.5cm土壤湿度经验公式,讨论了地表反照率参数化方案,运用CoLM陆面过程模式进行了Off-line试验,并与观测数据进行了对比。结果表明,肖塘地区地表反照率冬季大、夏季小,年平均值为0.27。太阳高度角≥15°时地表反照率趋于一个常数,且与太阳高度角满足指数函数关系。不同天气下地表反照率不同,雨天减小,雪天增大。晴空指数≤0.3时,地表反照率波动很大。肖塘地区地表反照率与太阳高度角和土壤湿度拟合效果不好;随2m气温和地表温度升高基本呈减小趋势,但不明显。土壤湿度对肖塘地区地表反照率年内变化没有影响,只对日变化有影响,且地表反照率对0.097~0.13范围内的浅层土壤湿度响应敏感。CoLM原模式模拟的净辐射、感热通量和地表温度平均日变化与观测数据有较好的一致性。地表反照率参数化方案改为0.27后,CoLM模式对净辐射平均日变化正午前后的模拟与观测基本一致;对地表温度平均日变化模拟得到改善,平均峰值低估0.51℃;地表反照率参数化后CoLM模式对感热通量平均日变化模拟能力没有提高。  相似文献   

Instructional design and online instruction     

Ahmed Ali 《TechTrends》2003,47(5):42-45

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E-learning at Sultan Qaboos University: status and future Ali Sharaf Al Musawi and Ahmed Yousif Abdelraheem     

Ali Sharaf Al Musawi  Ahmed Yousif Abdelraheem 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2004,35(3):363-367

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A study of cross-national collaborative research: reflecting on experience in Pakistan     

Alan J. Penny  Mehru Ahmed Ali  Iffat Farah  Sissel Ostberg  Robert L. Smith 《International Journal of Educational Development》2000,20(6):443-455

This paper seeks to offer insights into the complexities involved in cross-national collaborative research. It identifies and provides an account of the various issues running through the research process, whilst at the same time derives principles upon which such work should be based. Key narratives were identified by highlighting a number of critical incidents. These narratives were related to issues of ownership, trust, and power, whilst in the course of theorising the research process itself, the metaphors of voice and crossing borders were found to be profoundly empowering and transformative. The complexities of working cross-nationally in the research group, understanding roles, clarifying professional frames and ethical values, at the same time as creating and maintaining a context for effective partnership and participation, made managing and sustaining the research process challenging.  相似文献   

Globalization of national journals: investigating the growth of international authorship          下载免费PDF全文

Ali GAZNI 《Learned Publishing》2015,28(3):195-204

This study investigated changes in the internationality of national publishers' journals for the period 1990–2013. The patterns of foreign and interregional authorship in papers and references of 4,199 journals from 3,529 publishers were analyzed. The results revealed that foreign authorship increased from 36% to 62% during the period, but interregional authorship only grew from 77% to 82%. The growth in internationality is not the same across disciplines and regions of the world. Agricultural sciences, psychiatry/psychology, and economics and business have the least number of foreign authors, while journals in space science, mathematics, and physics have the most. According to the number of both foreign‐authored papers and foreign‐authored citations, clinical medicine is one of the least international fields. Latin America and Middle East publishers have a greater tendency to publish papers from authors in their countries. In contrast, national publishers in North America have become considerably more international over time. Russia, China, and Brazil publish the least number of foreign authored‐papers in their journals, while Switzerland's journals publish the most.  相似文献   

Pritchard,Alan (2014) Ways of learning. Routledge (London & New York) isbn 978‐0‐415‐83493‐3 143 pp £19.99 https://www.routledge.com/products/9780415834933          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2015,46(6):E34-E35

Written for teachers, who generally lack a sufficient knowledge of how people learn, Pritchard's book aims at enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of education through raising teachers' understanding of learning theory. However, it does not do so very effectively: even if you are a keen teacher, you will probably find only parts of much interest or use. Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan  相似文献   

INVESTIGATING THE REPRESENTATIONAL FLUENCY OF PRE-SERVICE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS IN A MODELLING PROCESS     

Ali Delice  Mahmut Kertil 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2015,13(3):631-656

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