Complex Inequalities of Educational Opportunities. A Large-Scale Longitudinal Study on the Relation Between Gender,Social Class,Ethnicity and School Success     

Hetty P.J.M. Dekkers  Roel J. Bosker  Geert W.J.M. Driessen 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2013,19(1):59-82

It is well documented that stratification in education precedes social stratification. Many authors hypothesise that the stratification patterns in education may be related to background characteristics of students in a more complex way than researched so far in this field. Therefore, in this article the interactive effects of social class, ethnicity and gender on various indicators for school success are analysed and discussed. A large-scale longitudinal database offered the possibility to establish the complex relations between the three student background variables and school careers, measured by educational attainment 6 years after entering secondary education and by technical or science related choices. Results show that school success is not always predicted by expected additive or multiplicative effects of the different background variables. For example the situation of girls from ethnic minorities is better than expected, while that of indigenous boys from low socio-economic backgrounds is worse when compared to similar boys from ethnic minorities. Inequalities arising from different choice patterns regarding technical and science subjects can only partly be deduced from differences present at the age of 12, whereas in terms of general educational attainment secondary schools even reduce arrears of ethnic minority female students as these can be observed at the age of 12.  相似文献   

Computers for What? Examining the Roles of Technology in Teaching and Learning     

Marcy P. Driscoll 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2013,19(2-3):335-349

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School policy on teaching and school learning environment: direct and indirect effects upon student outcome measures     

Leonidas Kyriakides  Bert P.M. Creemers 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2013,19(5):403-424

School policy on teaching and the school learning environment (SLE) are the main school factors of the dynamic model of educational effectiveness (Creemers & Kyriakides, 2008 Kyriakides, L. and Tsangaridou, N. 2008. Towards the development of generic and differentiated models of educational effectiveness: A study on school and teacher effectiveness in physical education. British Educational Research Journal, 34: 807–838. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). A longitudinal study in which 50 primary schools, 108 classes, and 2369 students participated generated evidence supporting the validity of the dynamic model. This article reports the results of a re-analysis of the data of this study in order to search for direct and indirect effects of school factors included in the model. Using multilevel structural equation modelling techniques, indirect effects of school policy on teaching and SLE upon achievement in mathematics and Greek language are demonstrated. Implications of findings are drawn. Comparing the results of the multilevel direct and indirect effect model with those from using a multilevel regression model, we demonstrate the importance of choosing appropriate conceptual models and using relevant methodological approaches to understand the dynamic nature of educational effectiveness.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of public and private sector agricultural extension: Implications for privatisation in Pakistan     

Andrew P. Davidson  Munir Ahmad 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3):117-126

Worldwide serious reservations are being expressed about the ability and competency of the public sector to deliver agricultural extension services, especially in developing countries such as Pakistan which is faced with serious financial difficulties. Consequently, the government is looking for alternative extension paradigms that are cost-effective and client-oriented. To this end the government of Pakistan is inclined towards privatizing the provision of agricultural extension services as a means to promote a second ‘Green Revolution’. This study was conducted among cotton farmers in the Punjab Province to examine the comparative effectiveness of public and private sector extension as perceived from the stakeholders. Data were collected from 52 contact farmers of both extension systems. A number of biases were identified in both systems; namely, a preference for farmers with better education and larger landholdings than their noncontact farmer counterparts. Overall, neither system appears to be working for the benefit of the wider farming community.  相似文献   

Revitalizing veterinary and animal science education for the future in India — Issues and approaches     

P.V.K. Sasidhar 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3):139-149

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Learning the concept of biological regulation in agronomy     

P. Prévost 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(4):239-253

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The Things Girls Shouldn't See: Relocating the penis in sex education in Hong Kong     

P. Sik Ying Ho  A. Ka Tat Tsang 《Sex education》2013,13(1):61-73

This article reports on how young women in Hong Kong relate to the penis. A total of nine focus group interviews were conducted at the University of Hong Kong to enable participants to reflect on and talk about their 'experience of the penis'. It is found that despite society's various attempts to restrict their access to the penis, it is very much present and available to the young women in Hong Kong. While most of the participants reported the normative response of disgust, which was expected as part of the 'proper femininity', positive experiences of the penis characterised by agency, mastery and fulfilment were also reported. Some of the things they do, such as watching an exhibitionist or actively consuming sexually explicit materials and pornography, subvert the discursive practice of positioning women as passive sexual objects. It is believed that with more open access to knowledge and experience, women will stand a better chance of achieving a more agentive relationship, not only with the penis as a potential transitional object in intimate relationships, but also with their own sexuality.  相似文献   

Sex and relationship education and the media: an analysis of national and regional newspaper coverage in England     

P. Kingori  R. French  R. Kane  M. Gerressu  J. Stephenson 《Sex education》2013,13(2):111-124

Newspapers are recognised as a major source of factual information. The media representation of issues related to teenage pregnancy is important to policy makers and those delivering related interventions. This is particularly so in relation to issues which may be seen as sensitive by the public, such as sex and relationship education (SRE). Despite general recognition of the importance of the media in communicating to the public, there is an absence of satisfactory tools with which to evaluate newspaper reports, particularly so in the field of SRE. In this paper we present a systematic examination of newspaper articles related to SRE from September 2000 to September 2002, in the national and regional press in England. Our analysis has highlighted some important distinctions between newspaper type, spokesperson and region. This paper concludes that a pro‐active strategy of directly contacting high circulation newspapers with a view to positively influencing the tone of relevant articles and reports would be of considerable benefit to those involved in SRE, teenage pregnancy and related interventions.  相似文献   

Appropriateness of recommended agricultural water-management technologies as perceived by the personnel of research and extension system: A study in the eastern region of India     

Souvik Ghosh  H.N. Verma  Dinesh Chandra  P. Nanda 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(1-4):17-26

The key to agricultural development in the eastern region of India, where problems of excess water and water scarcity coexist, is the scientific management of water resources with the adoption of recommended water-management technologies. A vast networking of infrastructure for the development and dissemination of water- management technologies have been designed since the very inception of planned economic change. Despite these concerted efforts, a large number of recommended technologies are either being adopted in piece-meal or not at all. The research and extension systems have been generating and disseminating technologies, therefore, it was felt worthwhile to assess the feasibility and appropriateness of recommended tecnologies as perceived in the first instance by the personnel of the research system and followed by the extension personnel. These steps were felt to be a precursor to screen the recommended technologies for their dissemination and evaluation in different farming systems. The assessment of recommended water-management technologies was performed after their documentation from different organisations working in the field of water management in two eastern India states viz. Orissa and West Bengal. The perception of 30 personnel members of the research system regarding the feasibility of these technologies elucidated that out of 86 documented recommended water-management technologies, 40 were having feasibility scores of ≥ 4.0; 8 technologies with score £ 3.0 and the rest of the 38 technologies with a score between 3.0 and 4.0 on a feasibility continuum range from 1.0 (not feasible) to 5.0 (highly feasible). Out of 40 recommended technologies (already assessed as highly feasible by the research personnel), extension personnel have perceived 16 and 10 technologies as highly appropriate and feasible, respectively. While six and four technologies were found to be less appropriate and feasible, respectively. Correlation of all nine indicators of appropriateness with feasibility of technologies was significant. Five indicators of appropriateness viz. simplicity, physical compatibility, production sustainability, cultural compatibility and cost together constituted 36.8 per cent of the total variation in feasibility with the ‘t’ values and ‘F’ values being significant. It indicates that not appropriateness of technologies alone but other factors influence the feasibility of technologies.  相似文献   

SWOT Analysis of Veterinary and Animal Science Education in India: Implications for Policy and Future Directions     

P.V.K. Sasidhar  P. Gopal Reddy 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(4):387-407

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and rank the SWOT issues of India's veterinary and animal science education.

Design: The data were collected at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) from 168 post-graduate students. The two surveys generated 72% (N=121) and 68% (N=114) response rates, respectively. In the first stage, the vital SWOT issues were listed by respondents and in the second stage, they ranked the top eight issues on a Likert scale.

Findings: Uniform curriculum; merit-based admissions; and huge demand and employment prospects were perceived as major strengths. Gaps in curriculum revision and inadequate faculty, colleges and hands-on experience were perceived as key weaknesses. Regular curriculum revisions; novel instructional methods; and single admission tests were important opportunities perceived. Out-dated education model; urban biased admissions; and regional barriers were the major threats perceived.

Practical implication: The SWOT issues identified are similar to those faced by veterinary education programmes in many countries with minor variations.

Originality/value: The findings are of interest for veterinary faculties in developing and under-developed countries to harmonize their veterinary education systems on par with global norms. The related implications for policy and future directions are discussed.  相似文献