Fathers' and mothers' involvements in sibling communication     

Ann M. Berghout Austin  Marcia Summers  Ann Leffler 《Early childhood research quarterly》1987,2(4)

The purpose of this study was to measure fathers' and mothers' linguistic involvements with the development of communication between young siblings. In a laboratory setting, 39 two-child mother-father families were videotaped in semistructured activities. The older sibling was from 18 to 26-months-old (M=22.4 months, SD=2.5 months) and the younger sibling was from 4 to 8-weeks-old (M=5 weeks, SD =1.5 weeks). Regardless of type of vocalization, when only one parent was present, utterances encouraging sibling interactions were more often aimed at girls than at boys. As a result, such utterances occurred more when both siblings were girls than for any other gender combination. Fathers were more active in issuing such utterances, especially to girls. When both parents were present, gender differences between parents disappeared, although the effects of children's gender did not. Overall, the results suggest that fathers very actively direct sibling interactions, especially those involving girls.  相似文献   

Factors of success: building and sustaining teaching professional development opportunities for doctoral students and postdocs     

Lucas B. Hill  Ann E. Austin  Bipana Bantawa  Julia N. Savoy 《高等教育研究与发展》2019,38(6):1168-1182

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the key issues and elements to consider in developing and sustaining teaching development programs for doctoral students and postdoctoral scholars in connection to a large multi-institutional, higher education reform network. Based on interviews with 47 participants at eight member institutions and the central administration of the Center for the Integration of Research, Teaching, and Learning (CIRTL), we found five major components: campus culture, the program’s organizational placement, program leadership, program logistics, and the benefits acquired from adopting and adapting network ideas, knowledge, and resources.  相似文献   

The Relationship Between Security of Attachment and the Development of a Personal Premise System of Relationships and Expectations for Peer Interaction     

Ann M. Berghout Austin  Michael K. Godfrey  Claudia Weber  Cherie A. Martin  Linda B. Holmes 《Early education and development》1991,2(3):214-226

Block (1984) postulated that children develop a personal premise system concerning the nature of relationships from the kind of responsiveness, balance, and control they experience when interacting with the caregiver and the caregiver's degree of accessibility during caregiver-child interactions. Block's theory was used in this review to discuss how children's personal premise systems or models of relationships develop through the process of attachment to the caregiver, and how, as children establish more extensive social relationships, this premise system becomes a more generalized model of self and others which shapes all interactions with others including peer relationships during early and middle childhood. The review also suggests continuity in the organization of behavior, for just as the nature of the early personal premise system is shaped by caregiver responsiveness, control, consistency, and availability, so the quality of ties youngsters form with their peers seems also to be shaped by the tone of children's responsiveness to peers, the degree and kind of control youngsters exert in peer interactions, the consistency of behaviors with peers, and children's emotional and physical availability to peers.  相似文献   

Academic underachievement among children with epilepsy: proportion exceeding psychometric criteria for learning disability and associated risk factors     

Fastenau PS  Jianzhao Shen  Dunn DW  Austin JK 《Journal of learning disabilities》2008,41(3):195-207

This study assessed rates of learning disabilities (LD) by several psychometric definitions in children with epilepsy and identified risk factors. Participants (N = 173, ages 8-15 years) completed IQ screening, academic achievement testing, and structured interviews. Children with significant head injury, chronic physical conditions, or mental retardation were excluded. Using an IQ-achievement discrepancy definition, 48% exceeded the cutoff for LD in at least one academic area; using low-achievement definitions, 41% to 62% exceeded cutoffs in at least one academic area. Younger children with generalized nonabsence seizures were at increased risk for math LD using the IQ-achievement discrepancy definition; age of seizure onset and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were risk factors for reading and math LD using low-achievement definitions. Writing was the most common domain affected, but neither ADHD nor seizure variables reliably identified children at risk for writing LD. Although children with earlier seizure onset, generalized nonabsence seizures, and comorbid ADHD appear to be at increased risk for some types of LD by some definitions, these findings largely suggest that all children with epilepsy should be considered vulnerable to LD. A diagnosis of epilepsy (even with controlled seizures and less severe seizure types) should provide sufficient cause to screen school-age children for LD and comorbid ADHD.  相似文献   

Different in Color,Similar in Treatment     

Anna Austin 《Teaching Education》2013,24(1):189-190

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体育科技的新发展     

Michael Austin  邹文华 《中国体育教练员》2010,18(3):36-37

过去5年是体育科技“爆炸”的5年。如今，赶不上技术变革潮流的教练员及运动指导员将会被淘汰。因此。教练员及运动指导员必须运用新的思维模式，接受并利用新兴技术，为自己的执教工作服务。本文从赛事分析及点评、团队管理软件、选材、比赛录像交流、统计软件、视频分析、登记旧程安排、比赛阵型图解、运动队追踪、运动队网站十个方面介绍当今体育技术的发展成果。  相似文献   

IMAGES OF AGING IN THE LYRICS OF AMERICAN COUNTRY MUSIC     

Ronald H. Aday  Benjaman S. Austin 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(2):135-154

This study examined the lyrics of American country music as potential sources for better understanding popular perceptions about aging and old age. Data for this study were collected from a sample of 52 country songs published between 1950 and 1995. A majority of the songs have been recorded and have received considerable public exposure. Using a content analysis approach, seven subjective themes were identified: (a) physical attributes, (b) mobility and reaction time, (c) mental health, (d) reminiscence, (e) loneliness and isolation, (f) quality of relationship, and (g) mortality. Song lyrics in each category were evaluated in terms of positive or negative image portrayal and gender differences when apparent. Conclusions drawn from this study indicate that a substantial majority of the songs evaluated present negative images of aging and old age.  相似文献   

An exploratory analysis of PubMed's free full-text limit on citation retrieval for clinical questions          下载免费PDF全文

Mary M. Krieger  Randy R. Richter    Tricia M. Austin 《Medical Library and Historical Journal》2008,96(4):351-355

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Information Provision and the Carceral State: Race and Reference beyond the Idea of the “Underserved”     

Jeanie Austin  Melissa Villa-Nicholas 《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(4):233-261

This article addresses an approach to library services for people who are incarcerated that meets the situated information needs and desires of people within jails and prisons. By creating a flow of information between LIS students and individuals who are incarcerated through a Reference by Mail program, resources available to incarcerated people are increased while students engage in a humanizing and self-reflexive project, with the understanding that the regulation of information within jails and prisons has lasting effects for the life chances of incarcerated people.  相似文献   

Let's talk about what we're watching: Parental mediation of children's television viewing     

Kristine Kay Johnson Fortman  Tracy Lee Clarke  Erica Weintraub Austin 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(4):413-425

A random telephone survey of Washington state parents of children between the ages 2 and 17 assesses patterns of interaction with children regarding television viewing. The children's gender did not affect the way parents coviewed or mediated with them about television. Parent's gender, however, did matter. In addition, it was found that the ageof children had a significant effect on how parents coviewed and mediated. A linear relationship showed that coviewing decreased as children aged. A different trend was seen regarding children's age and negative mediation.  相似文献