XML markup and information retrieval in magazine articles: Exploratory results and implementation issues     

Alma Beatriz Rivera-Aguilera   《International Information and Library Review》2005,37(4):337

This paper relates to the difficulty in retrieving precise information from big repositories of magazine articles in full text, and proposes an Extended Markup Language (XML) vocabulary for improving retrieval rates. The hypothesis tested was as follows: Magazine articles marked up with an XML vocabulary, indexed only by selected parts, give more precise search results than the same search using full text index.The study was exploratory with the following characteristics: 29 magazine articles were tested for results, 8 scholars were interviewed for defining 23 search strategies and evaluating results. The data showed that precision improved from 40.72% with full text search to 62.84% using XML markup and searching only in specific labels.Revision of the vocabulary and more testing has to be done by the library and information science community in order to obtain a valid vocabulary and provide more research results. Cultural characteristics and politics of librarians and information managers’ community are as important as technical issues in order to consider any technical proposal to be implemented successfully to achieve interoperability.  相似文献   

Advisory services and farm-level sustainability profiles: an exploration in nine European countries     

Beatriz Herrera  Maria Gerster-Bentaya  Irene Tzouramani  Andrea Knierim 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2019,25(2):117-137

Purpose: This study explores the use of advisory services by farm managers and its linkages with the economic, environmental and social performance of farms.

Design/methodology/approach: Using cluster analysis we determined groups of farms according to their sustainability performance and explored the correlations between contacts with advisory services and a set of farm-level sustainability indicators.

Findings: There exist significant differences in the number of farmers’ contacts with advisory services across countries, type of farms, farmers’ degree of agricultural education, utilized agricultural area, legal type of farm ownership and economic size of the farms. We identified three groups of farms that have different sustainability performance, are different in farm characteristics and relate differently to advisory services. The number of contacts with advisory services is positively related to the adoption of innovations, the number of information sources utilized and the adoption of farm risk management measures. We find no clear linear relationship between advisory services and environmental sustainability.

Theoretical implications: This study derives hypotheses to analyze causalities between indicators of farm-level sustainability and advisory services.

Practical implications: Results suggest the importance of taking into account the heterogeneity of farming systems for the design, targeting and evaluation of advisory services. In addition, results confirm the importance of selection of indicators that can be used in multiple sites.

Originality/value: We used a harmonized indicator of advisory services and a harmonized set of farm-level sustainability indicators in nine different EU countries that could be used to evaluate the role of advisory services in the achievement of multiple objectives in different groups of farms in multiple sites.  相似文献   

The modern mathematics reform movement in Brazil and its consequences for Brazilian mathematics education     

Beatriz Silva D'ambrosio 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1991,22(1):69-85

This paper reports on the conclusions drawn from an investigation of the modern mathematics reform movement in Brazil. The focus of the study was an analysis of the mechanisms of transfer of knowledge from developed to developing countries, through a case study of Brazil and its adoption of the modern mathematics curriculum.The report presented here focuses on the dynamics of the reform movement and on the consequences of the movement for Brazilian mathematics education. The movement is studied as to how ideas about modern mathematics reform were disseminated to the Brazilian mathematics education community and the consequences due to misinterpretations of the intended curriculum in the implementation process. The intent of the study is that future initiatives in curriculum change proceed more efficiently in light of previous experiences, without repeating the mistakes committed in the past.  相似文献   

Collaborative online distance learning: Issues for future practice and research     

Robert M. Bernard  Beatriz Rojo de Rubalcava   《Distance Education》2000,21(2):260-277

This article provides an overview of issues of practice and research relating to the use of collaborative online learning in distance education (DE). It begins with an examination of the traditional problems of DE. Following that is a discussion of what collaborative online learning encompasses and a review of the primary instructional design issues that relate to it. These are: (a) course preparation; (b) creating a good social climate and sense of community; (c) the role of the instructor; (d) encouraging true collaboration; and (e) the effective use of technology. As well some of the literature relating to problem‐based learning is referenced and its application to collaborative online learning is discussed. The authors conclude that using new technologies in combination with a collaborative online learning approach in DE may prove to be highly effective when learner characteristics and the learning context are considered carefully. Recommendations for future areas of research are also provided, along with a matrix of variables that may be combined to conceptualise further study in the area.  相似文献   

A literature review of school leadership policy reforms     

Beatriz Pont 《European Journal of Education》2020,55(2):154-168

This literature review aims to understand the factors that influence the adoption of school leadership policy reforms and whether there are some common trends that lead to policy changes in this area. The main question driving the study was the following: what are important reasons or contextual factors that have influenced the adoption of school leadership policy reforms? The analysis shows that there is an eclectic set of research that covers school leadership from different perspectives. Each tackle the question of school leadership reform adoption from different angles. A policy perspective associates school leadership reforms to contextual changes in relation to decentralisation, school autonomy, accountability or an increasing emphasis on education outcomes. School improvement perspectives acknowledge the key role of school leadership in education change. The research on school leadership impact has contributed to the adoption of school leadership reforms. The school leadership policy perspective shows that countries have introduced school leadership reforms, with practices varying by country and context. Some have been interpreted as a response to a new public management agenda or to the globalisation of education policies. Findings from this review indicate that whilst there is much research on school leadership, nevertheless, analysis and promotion of policies to support and strengthen school leader roles to support school improvement appears to have received less attention.  相似文献   

PROFESSIONAL READING     

Beatriz F. Fernandez  Anne-Marie Deitering  Samantha Schmehl Hines  James Watson  Melissa Aho 《Public Services Quarterly》2013,9(3-4):209-219

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Digital illiteracy: a challenge for 21st century teachers / El analfabetismo digital: un reto de los docentes del siglo XXI     

Beatriz Cortina-Pérez  Miguel Á. Gallardo-Vigil  M. Ángeles Jiménez-Jiménez  Juan M. Trujillo-Torres 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(2):231-264

Resumen

El aprendizaje de la química requiere dominar los diferentes códigos mediante los que se representa gráficamente la organización espacial de las moléculas. Los alumnos deben no sólo aprender la nomenclatura de esos sistemas de representación, sino también sus reglas sintácticas, siendo capaces de traducir de un código o lenguaje a otro, y de decidir cuándo y con qué metas deben usar cada uno de esos sistemas de representación. Para investigar cómo proceden y qué dificultades tienen estudiantes universitarios de química para usar esos sistemas de representación realizamos dos estudios. En total participaron 201 estudiantes universitarios, 174 estudiantes argentinos de un primer curso de química orgánica y 27 estudiantes españoles de la carrera de Psicología, que respondieron a tareas escritas diseñadas específicamente para esta investigación.

Los resultados mostraron que en general los estudiantes de química utilizan los diferentes sistemas de representación de forma adecuada. Sin embargo, aunque son eficaces en los procesos de traducción, no lo son en cuanto a su uso estratégico dependiente del marco teórico-conceptual. Por otra parte, al presentarles en el segundo estudio una tarea sin contenido químico, pero gráficamente isomorfa a las tareas químicas, los estudiantes de química, a diferencia de los de psicología, cometían errores característicos como consecuencia de interpretar el problema con una tarea dentro de un sistema representacional químico. Se discuten también algunas de las implicaciones de los resultados para el aprendizaje y la enseñanza de la química en la universidad.  相似文献   

Reasons which influence on the students’ decision to take a university course: differences by gender and degree     

Jesús Manuel López-Bonilla  Ramón Barrera Barrera  Mª Ángeles Rodríguez Serrano  Luis Miguel López-Bonilla  Beatriz Palacios Florencio  Mª Carmen Reyes Rodríguez 《Educational studies》2012,38(3):297-308

After compulsory secondary education; many teenagers face the process of choosing a university degree. This process involves uncertainties referred to their personal abilities, interests, social expectations and professional future. The present work is aimed at determining whether the reasons behind the selection of a particular university degree differ depending on the chosen degree. Another objective is determining whether these reasons differ significantly according to gender. The sample comprises 983 students belonging to the area of social and legal sciences at the University of Seville. The obtained results reveal the existence of four main reasons behind the selection of university degrees for which significant gender-related differences were observed: easy degree, job opportunities, high wages and provision of social services. Besides, these seven reasons are observed to differ widely in six of the considered degrees.  相似文献   

Conceptual Model for the Replacement of the Horn of a Nineteenth Century Phonograph     

Beatriz Marin  Maria Carmen Bachiller 《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):240-248

ABSTRACT

3D printing of missing parts of a cultural heritage artifact opens many possibilities and extends the challenges in the processes of intervention on cultural heritage assets. However, restoring these objects may not only mean the replacement of a missing element from its esthetic point of view, but restoring the function for which objects were created. In these processes, the replica of the object must be exact and of quality, but also specific. In this sense, the presented work is a multi-disciplinary attempt to reproduce the missing horn of a phonograph dated to the late nineteenth century. This phonograph belongs to the collection of the ‘Vicente Miralles Segarra’ Telecommunication Museum of the Universitat Politècnica de València. The objective was to recover its esthetic, didactic, and functional levels, i.e restoring its ability to emit sound. To this end, several models were printed with different materials, and the quality of the recorded sound with the different horns was evaluated, assessing their similarity to that obtained from an original horn.  相似文献   

Las concepciones de los padres sobre el desarrollo: Teorías personales o teorías culturales     

Beatriz Triana 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(54):19-39

Resumen

Este artículo ofrece un modelo teórico para explicar el origen de las concepciones de los padres sobre la educación y el desarrollo, y cómo éstas se plasman en la mente de los padres. Se postula que la cultura ofrece un amplio bagaje de concepciones que se transmiten mediante las interacciones que establecen los sujetos en los contextos sociales próximos. No obstante, el papel de la cultura queda regulado por los mecanismos de elaborarcíón de la información que caracterizan el procesamiento humano. Esto se demuestra al analizar, a partir de un conjunto de teorías de gran raigambre cultural, las mezclas coherentes de teorías que asumen los padres. Los objetivos que se persiguen son: a) Elaborar un cuestionario para estudiar las teorías; y b) analizar el papel de los contextos sociales próximos en la selección de las teorías que asumen los padres, destacando el nivel educativo y profesional de los padres así como la zona donde residen, como variables determinantes del tipo de teoría/s que éstos seleccionan.  相似文献