Taste aversion learning and schedule-induced polydipsia in rats     

Nigel W. Bond  P. Keith Corfield-Sumner 《Learning & behavior》1978,6(4):413-416

Experiment 1 sought to determine whether schedule-induced drinking could be abolished by means of a taste aversion. Polydipsic rats were given access to a .4% saccharin solution while they were exposed to an intermittent food schedule. Immediately after the session, they received an intraperitoneal injection of either lithium chloride or sodium chloride. Following a recovery day with water in the experimental chamber, the animals were again exposed to the saccharin solution. The poisoned animals (lithium chloride) drank very little saccharin compared to the control animals (sodium chloride), indicating that they had learned a taste aversion in only one conditioning trial. Experiment 2 established that polydipsic rats can learn a taste aversion despite a long delay between schedule-induced saccharin consumption and poisoning, and that the delay gradient displayed by polydipsic rats is similar to that observed in thirst-motivated rats.  相似文献   

Supporting children with motor skills difficulties: an initial evaluation of the Manchester Motor Skills Programme     

Caroline Bond 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2011,27(2):143-153

Children with motor difficulties are a very varied group. In order to target interventions more effectively researchers have attempted to identify specific sub‐groups; however, attempts to identify sub‐groups and provide interventions accordingly have met with limited success. Currently interventions can be classified into two main types, namely, general abilities and normative functional approaches. The current study outlines the Manchester Motor Skills Programme (MMSP), which adopts a normative functional approach and has been developed jointly by educational psychologists (EPs), specialist teachers and schools. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the MMSP a quasi‐experimental repeated measures study was undertaken involving 24 children. The quasi‐experimental study yielded a medium effect size, which is a promising result for a naturalistic intervention. Methodological limitations and areas of future research are considered and identified.  相似文献   

Sex differences in the acceptability and short-term outcomes of a web-based personalized feedback alcohol intervention for high school seniors     

Diana M. Doumas  Susan Esp  Rob Turrisi  Laura Bond  Sherise Porchia  Brian Flay 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(11):1724-1740

Despite the escalation of alcohol use through high school, the majority of research on school-based alcohol interventions has been conducted with junior high students or first and second-year high school students. Preliminary research indicates a brief, web-based personalized feedback intervention developed for college students (eCHECKUP TO GO) may be a promising program for high school seniors. Although these studies demonstrate positive intervention effects, there is some evidence for greater program efficacy for females in this age group. The current study investigates sex differences in program acceptability of the eCHECKUP TO GO and its relationship to short-term alcohol outcomes among high school seniors (N = 135). Overall, the majority of students reported they found the program to be acceptable (i.e., user-friendly and useful). However, contrary to our hypothesis, results indicated that male students reported significantly higher perceptions of program acceptability than females. Although we did not find sex differences in alcohol outcomes, program user-friendliness was related to reductions in alcohol use for males. The results of this study add to the literature supporting the eCHECKUP TO GO for high school seniors and highlight the importance of program user-friendliness for males. Implications for implementing the program as a school-based intervention are discussed.  相似文献   

Out-group value incongruence and intergroup attitude: The roles of common identity and multiculturalism     

Yanjun Guan  Maykel Verkuyten  Helene Hoi-lam Fung  Michael Harris Bond  Sylvia Xiaohua Chen  Charles Ching-hai Chan 《Int J Intercult Relat》2011,35(3):377-385

This research was designed to examine the moderation roles of common social identity and multiculturalism on the established relationship between Mainland Chinese's perceived value incongruence with Hong Kong Chinese and their negative attitude towards Hong Kong Chinese. A survey study was conducted among 202 college students in Mainland China and the results showed Mainland Chinese's value incongruence with Hong Kong Chinese significantly predicted their negative intergroup attitude. In addition, the results also revealed that among participants with high identification with the super-ordinate Chinese national group, this negative relation was significantly weaker than those with low Chinese identification. In addition, among participants with high multiculturalism endorsement, the relation between value incongruence and intergroup attitude was significantly weaker than those with low level of multiculturalism. Implications of this research and future directions were discussed based on these findings.  相似文献   

Early Learning in CRESPAR     

Barbara A. Wasik  Nancy Karweit  Mary Alice Bond  Lannette Burns Woodruff  Gary Jaeger  Sarah Adee 《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(1-2):93-107

The goal of the Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk (CRESPAR) Early Learning program is to ensure that young children reach the 1st grade with the necessary skills and competencies to be effective learners. This goal has been accomplished by 2 integrated areas of research. One area of research focuses on the development of effective practices that promote the development of language and literacy skills in young children. A 2nd area of research examines the systemic issues regarding school policies and teachers' beliefs and expectations that affect classroom practices. Over the past 5 years, the CRESPAR Early Learning Program has been conducting research in these areas, which has added to our understanding of how children learn and what teachers think that they can learn.  相似文献   

Exploring the Relationship Between Computer-Mediated Communication,Sexual Identity Commitment,and Well-Being Among Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents     

Bradley J. Bond  Andrea Figueroa-Caballero 《Communication Research Reports》2016,33(4):288-294

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents are avid users of computer-mediated communication (CMC), but few empirical studies have investigated the function of CMC in the lives of LGB youth. Grounded in the media practice model, the present study explored the relationships among CMC, sexual identity commitment, and well-being by surveying LGB adolescents (N = 570). Results indicated that a positive relationship existed between time spent on social network sites and well-being that was mediated by sexual identity commitment. Time spent instant messaging, sending/receiving e-mail, or in chat rooms was not related to sexual identity commitment or well-being. Social network sites may aid LGB youth in understanding their sexual identities in ways that other CMC modalities cannot.  相似文献   

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: A Postmodern Catalyst for Change in Educational Administrative Practices     

W. Richard Bond 《Interchange》2001,32(1):59-77

In an unstable social climate, the effects of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms on administrative practice in educational institutions may be perceived as a postmodernist manifestation of that social instability. Three foci (administration/management; social instability; the law) identifying postmodernism are described and the particular impact of two of them on administrative practice is discussed. The sequential importance of the Canadian Constitution Acts of 1791, 1867, and 1982 are also discussed. In conclusion, a number of points are addressed to identify areas administrators would be well advised to consider in the course of carrying out their responsibilities with the contexts of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and postmodernism.  相似文献   

Investigating young children’s human figure drawings using Rasch analysis     

Claire Campbell  Trevor Bond 《教育心理学》2017,37(7):888-906

The Goodenough–Harris Drawing Test (GHDT) is a non-verbal assessment designed to infer young children’s levels of intellectual development and understanding via the collection of three human figure drawings (HFDs) – one each of a man, a woman and a self-portrait. This paper presents findings from a research project that applied the Rasch model for measurement to HFDs collected from 246 children aged between 4 and 10 years to assess the psychometric properties of the GHDT assessment, and young children’s HFDs in general, as the GHDT had not yet been examined from a modern test theory perspective in full. Results indicated that: (1) the GHDT and children’s HFDs were apt for Rasch analysis and deemed to be generally psychometrically sound; and (2) that children performed almost identically (within error) on all three HFDs collected for the assessment, suggesting that the collection of three HFDs – as well as many of the 217 items which comprise the GHDT – was potentially redundant. Consequently, a prototype human figure drawing continuum (HFDC) was constructed from those data and examined. Rasch analysis revealed that the researcher-constructed 45-item HFDC scale – requiring just one self-selected HFD of a man, woman or child – was just as effective as the 217-item GHDT. The HFDC, when normed, should be seen as a parsimonious and child-friendly HDF assessment.  相似文献   

Stress on campus: An interactional perspective     

Robert D. Brown  Steve Bond  James Gerndt  LuAnn Krager  Barbara Krantz  Mark Lukin  Dave Prentice 《Research in higher education》1986,24(1):97-112

Faculty stress was investigated with the use of an interactional model of stress including roles, personal characteristics, coping strategies, and environmental characteristics. A random sample of 191 faculty members and 67 student-affairs staff members completed standardized measures of stress, strain, and coping resources and open-ended questions regarding sources of stress. Significant differences were found among faculty from different academic disciplines, between genders, and across semester time periods. Major stressors included time pressures, work overload, and interpersonal relationships. Body signals and poor interpersonal relationships were primary indicators of stress, and taking specific action and exercising were frequent coping behaviors. These findings have implications for administrative policy and faculty development programs.  相似文献   

Amount of solution drunk is a factor in the establishment of taste aversion     

Nigel Bond  Eros Di Giusto 《Learning & behavior》1975,3(2):81-84

Experiment I demonstrated that the strength of a rat’s aversion to saccharin is a direct function of the amount of saccharin it consumed prior to poisoning. Using Kalat and Rozin’s (1973) procedure, Experiment II showed that results consistent with a “learned-safety” theory of taste aversion appear to depend on whether rats drink most saccharin on their first or second exposure to the solution prior to poisoning. Experiment III demonstrated that when animals drank equal amounts of saccharin solution on each of two exposures prior to poisoning, evidence strongly confirming the “learned-safety” theory was obtained. These experiments together demonstrate the importance of amount of solution drunk in the determination of taste aversion.  相似文献