Investigating grit variables and their relations with practice and skill groups in developing sport experts     

Rafael A. B. Tedesqui  Bradley W. Young 《High Ability Studies》2017,28(2):167-180

Grit, the tendency to work hard toward long-term goals, maintaining effort and interest over years despite failure and adversity, has predicted several achievement outcomes. However, minimal work has examined grit within a sport expertise development framework, and specifically its association with deliberate practice (DP) in sport. Participants, 250 athletes (109 female; M_age = 23.40, SD = 10.14), completed the 12-item Grit Scale, practice measures, and reported their skill level (local to international). Factor analyses confirmed a 10-item two-factor model for use in our sport sample: consistency of interests (CI; 6 items; α = .81) and perseverance of effort (PE; 4 items; α = .75). A full latent variable model controlling for age showed PE significantly predicted weekly amounts of DP and engagement in mandatory and optional practice contexts; CI was inversely associated with threats to athletes’ sport commitment. Among senior athletes, both Expert and Advanced skill groups had higher PE levels than a Basic/Intermediate group, ps < .05. The tendency to work hard toward long-term goals seemingly enables athletes to persist with practice activities that are pivotal to expert sport development.  相似文献   

Exhausted philosophy and islands-to-come     

Joff P. N. Bradley 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2019,51(3):265-274

Abstract

Drawing on an array of sources, from Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy (schizoanalysis) through to non-philosophy (cinema, literature), this paper concerns itself with the manifestation of the concepts of hope and despair in utopian thought and continental philosophy and the experience of hopelessness, despair and exhaustion in the contemporary moment. I aim to demonstrate such pressing concerns through a comparison of Japanese philosopher Kojin Karatani and Japanese fiction writer Ryū Murakami with the American science fiction-thriller film directed by Michael Bay, The Island. What is explored in these works is the dialectic of exhaustion and possibility. The focus of the paper is on the fecund moment inhering in the incapacity of thought to think the possibility of utopia. In terms of the philosophy of education, this hones in on the perceived lack of vision of such a possibility among youth and the failure of the university qua institution to proffer an alternative world to its cohort. To demonstrate this, the paper contrasts both ‘affirmative, transcendent, and authoritarian utopias’ (‘ignoble’ utopias as philosopher Gilles Deleuze calls them) and the possibility of ‘immanent, revolutionary, libertarian utopias’—which we shall consider in terms of ‘absolute reterritorialization’.  相似文献   

Sex Bias in Student Assessment Overlooked?     

Clare Bradley 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》1993,18(1):3-8

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Multicultural counselling supervision: A four-step model toward competency     

Beth Robinson  Loretta J. Bradley  C. Bret Hendricks 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2000,22(2):131-141

Multicultural elements and issues are a vital part ofeffective counselling supervision. However,traditional counselling supervision has not provideda conceptual framework that integrates multiculturalissues. The purpose of this paper is to provide afour-step model for the development of multiculturallycompetent counsellors. The four-step model includes:(a) developing cultural awareness of the counsellingsupervisor; (b) exploring the cultural dynamics of thecounselling supervisory relationship; (c) examiningthe cultural assumptions of traditional counsellingtheories; and (d) integrating multicultural issuesinto existing models of supervision.  相似文献   

Examining relative age effects on performance achievement and participation rates in Masters athletes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Medic N  Starkes JL  Young BW 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(12):1377-1384

Although the relative age effect has been widely observed in youth sports (Musch & Grondin, 2001), it is unclear whether it generalizes across the lifespan. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative age effect among a population of Masters athletes using archived data. Two successive studies examined the frequency of record-setting achievements (Study 1) and the frequency of participation entries (Study 2) at the US Masters track-and-field and swimming championships as a function of an individual's constituent year within any 5-year age category. Results of Study 1 indicated that the probability of setting a record increased if Masters athletes were in the first year, and decreased if they were in the third, fourth or fifth year, of an age category. Results of Study 2 indicated that the likelihood of participating in the National championships increased if Masters athletes were in the first or second year, and decreased if they were in the fourth or fifth year, of an age category. We highlight and discuss potential advantages afforded to Masters athletes who are relatively younger than their peers in the same 5-year age category.  相似文献   

Self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise influences affective responses to and intentions to engage with high-intensity interval exercise     

Claire Bradley  Ailsa Niven 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1472-1480

This study investigated the effect of self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise on affective responses to, self-efficacy for and intention to repeat low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Thirty-six healthy participants (mean age 21 ± 2 years) were split into high tolerance (HT; n = 19), low tolerance (LT; n = 9), and very low tolerance (VLT; n = 8) of exercise intensity groups. Participants completed 10 × 6 s cycle sprints with 60 s recovery. Affective valence and perceived activation were measured before exercise, after sprints 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 20 min post-HIIE. Intention and self-efficacy were assessed 20 min post-HIIE. Affective valence was significantly lower in VLT vs. LT (P = 0.034, d = 1.01–1.14) and HT (P = 0.018, d = 1.34–1.70). Circumplex profiles showed a negative affective state in VLT only. The VLT group had lower intentions to repeat HIIE once and three times per week than HT (P < 0.001, d = 1.87 and 1.81, respectively) and LT (P = 0.107, d = 0.85; P = 0.295, d = 0.53, respectively). Self-efficacy was not influenced by tolerance. Self-reported tolerance of exercise intensity influences affective responses to and intentions to engage with HIIE.  相似文献   

Test Reviews     

Sharon Bradley‐Johnson 《Psychology in the schools》1999,36(1):83-85

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