排序方式： 共有55条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Ivan Dalley Crozier Susan Hardy David Rutledge Niall Shanks Ian J. Slater Daryn Lehoux Alan Chalmers Shaughan Lavine Richard McDonough Paul Redding Katherine Neal David J. Stump Nicolas Rasmussen Fa-ti Fan David Oldroyd Iain Davidson Hanne Andersen Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis Ivan Crozier Anjan Chakravartty King’s College John Laurent Ian Tyrell Susan Spath Roy MacLeod 《Metascience》2001,10(3):412-506
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Craig Callender Steve Fuller Katherine Neal Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent David Turnbull Otávio Bueno Jerry Ravetz Alan Chalmers Peter Harrison Keith Benson Jonathan Simon Margaret D. Garber Samir Chopra Henry Chan Elizabeth Toon Philip Catton Brendan Larvor Kylie Valentine Alan C. Love Donna April Chua Sy Brian W. Ogilvie James Maclaurin William C. Summers Arthur B. Markman John T. Vallance 《Metascience》2002,11(1):43-138
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Chalmers GR 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2008,7(1):137-157
Literature examining the recruitment order of motor units during lengthening (eccentric) contractions was reviewed to determine if fast-twitch motor units can be active while lower threshold slow-twitch motor units are not active. Studies utilizing surface electromyogram (EMG) amplitude, single motor unit activity, spike amplitude-frequency analyses, EMG power spectrum, mechanomyographic, and phosphocreatine-to-creatine ratio (PCr/Cr) techniques were reviewed. Only single motor unit and PCr/Cr data were found to be suitable to address the goals of this review. Nine of ten single motor unit studies, examining joint movement velocities up to 225 degrees/s and forces up to 53% of a maximum voluntary contraction, found that the size principle of motor unit recruitment applied during lengthening contractions. Deviation from the size principle was demonstrated by one study examining movements within a small range of low velocities and modest forces, although other studies examining similar low forces and lengthening velocities reported size-ordered recruitment. The PCr/Cr data demonstrated the activation of all fibre types in lengthening maximal contractions. Most evidence indicates that for lengthening contractions of a wide range of efforts and speeds, fast-twitch muscle fibres cannot be selectively recruited without activity of the slow-twitch fibres of the same muscle. 相似文献
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Much can be learnt about the character of modern science from a study of the history of atomism, not because of the extent to which modern conceptions and arguments are anticipated in that history, but because of the ways in which those historical theories and practices differed qualitatively from contemporary theory and practice. The atomism of Democritus differed from contemporary atomic theory more than is typically appreciated. In the seventeenth century something like Democritean atomism was revived by Boyle and Newton, but not in a form that brought it significantly closer to modern atomic theory. The first version of atomism that was able to support an empirical programme was proposed by Dalton early last century, but even this lacked the direct support from experiment and fell well short of realisation that a crucial aspect of atoms is their internal structure. 相似文献
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Abstract There is evidence that many students leave university without effective learning strategies and skills that would facilitate their learning in the future. For example, they can complete their university courses without developing information skills or a love of learning, with only a limited repertoire of learning strategies, and with no intention of engaging in further learning. While these findings indicate a need for universities to review the structure of courses and the way that they are taught and assessed, it is not necessary to wait for this to happen. Within existing course structures, universities can help prepare students for lifelong learning by teaching them learning strategies. This is best done if the strategies are taught by university teachers in the context of their regular coursework. We have confirmed in our research and professional development projects that this can be done. In an experimental study, we investigated the effects of explicidy teaching students learning strategies in the context of their regular coursework. This research indicated that students who were taught learning strategies in the context of their regular coursework used them effectively and achieved better results than students who were taught in the conventional way. In a professional development project, we taught university teachers from a variety of subject areas to teach learning strategies to students in their own courses. These teachers were successful in helping students develop a repertoire of effective learning strategies and display greater commitment to their learning. 相似文献
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Heloisa Chalmers Sisla Cinquetti Luiz Marcelo de Carvalho 《Environmental Education Research》2007,13(5):565-577
This paper investigates aspects of content knowledge related to teaching and learning about solid waste, focusing on the processes of learning and teaching by Elementary School teachers in Brazil, in two modalities of continuing education: courses and school‐based meetings. We analyse elements of teachers' reflections whilst referring to three dimensions of environmental education: knowledge, values (ethic and aesthetic), and political participation. We identify which dimensions are predominant, or absent, and the aspects included and developed in projects elaborated by teachers. The results raise issues we consider important to support teacher education and curriculum programmes and help teachers develop more substantial, critical and effective projects about the subject. 相似文献
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