Global socio-technical regimes     

Lea Fuenfschilling  Christian Binz 《Research Policy》2018,47(4):735-749

This paper addresses the question why socio-technical transitions follow similar trajectories in various parts of the world, even though the relevant material preconditions and institutional contexts vary greatly between different regions and countries. It takes a critical stance on the implicit methodological nationalism in transition studies’ socio-technical regime concept and proposes an alternative ‘global’ regime perspective that embraces the increasingly multi-scalar actor networks and institutional rationalities, which influence transition dynamics beyond national or regional borders. By drawing on globalization theories from sociology and human geography, we show that socio-technical systems often develop institutional rationalities that are diffused via international networks and thus become influential in various places around the world. In so doing, we shed light on the multi-scalar interrelatedness of institutional structures and actors in socio-technical systems and elaborate on the implications for the conceptualization of transition dynamics. The paper illustrates this with the case study of an unsuccessful transition in the Chinese wastewater sector. Recent studies indicate that key decisions on wastewater infrastructure expansion were not only influenced by path-dependencies stemming from China’s national context, but equally (or even more critically) by the dominant rationality of the water sector’s global socio-technical regime. We conclude by discussing the contours of a new research agenda around the notion of global socio-technical regimes.  相似文献   

Concentration on the few: mechanisms behind a falling share of innovative firms in Germany     

Christian Rammer  Torben Schubert 《Research Policy》2018,47(2):379-389

Innovation activities in the German business sector showed two opposing trends over the past two decades: While total innovation expenditures grew substantially, the number of firms conducting innovation activities fell sharply. In this paper, we explore the mechanisms behind the declining trend in the share of innovation active firms. Considering both input (R&D activities) and output (introduction of innovations), we model innovation decisions as a multi-stage process using continuous-time Markov chain analysis. We base our analyses on a 14-year panel from the German part of the Community Innovation Survey. Our results show that smaller firms and firms in sectors with less innovation competition are more likely to stop innovating. We also show that better financial situation and public funding can mitigate the trend towards a falling share of innovating and R&D-performing firms.  相似文献   

The influence of gate start position on physical performance and anxiety perception in expert BMX athletes     

Franck Di Rienzo  Guillaume Martinent  Lucie Levêque  Tadhg MacIntyre  Christian Collet  Aymeric Guillot 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(3):311-318

The critical importance of the start phase in bicycle motocross (BMX) racing is increasingly acknowledged. Past experiments underlined that the internal lane of the starting gate provides a strong positional advantage. However, how lane position affects start performance and cognitive and somatic state anxiety remains unexplored. We examined the start performance and anxiety responses of youth national-level BMX riders in both experimental and ecological contexts. We used contextualization motor imagery routines to evaluate start performance and state anxiety from the internal and external lanes. Cycle ergometer measures revealed a better start performance from the external lane, but we did not record any lane effect on actual gate start times. Both somatic and cognitive anxiety scores were higher before racing from the internal compared to the external lane. Finally, state anxiety (i.e., somatic anxiety, worry and concentration disruptions) negatively predicted the start performance. Present findings provide original insights on psychological factors involved in BMX start performance, and might contribute to fruitful coping interventions and training programmes in sports overlapping the framework of “handicap races” taking the specific form of positional advantages/disadvantages at the start (e.g., ski/snowboard cross, athletics, swimming, motorsports, etc.).  相似文献   

A biomechanical comparison of countermovement performance after short-term traditional and daily-undulated loaded vertical jump training     

Thiemo Pelzer  Boris Ullrich  Stefan Endler  Christian Rasche  Mark Pfeiffer 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(16):1816-1826

In order to assess lower extremity muscle mechanical properties in athletes, power-load characteristics during multi-joint tasks are frequently examined. This work compared 6 weeks of traditional (TP) and daily-undulated (DUP) periodized loaded countermovement jumping (CMJ). 20 amateur athletes (age: 24.2 ± 2.6 years, height: 175.6 ± 7.1 cm, body mass: 71.5 ± 7.7 kg, 10 males/10 females) exercised three times weekly using maximal CMJs with loads corresponding to 0%, 15% and 30% of body mass. Prior to the training period, subjects were once-only assigned by random to either the TP or DUP training scheme. Pre-to-post training, maximal center of mass (COM) -height, -take-off velocity, -power output and -impulse were compared during CMJ with additional loads corresponding to 0–30% of body mass. ANOVA (time * group) with repeated measures revealed significant (P < 0.05) temporal gains of maximal COM-height (2–11%), -take-off velocity (1–7%), -power (2–8%) and -impulse (3–9%) over most loading conditions for TP and DUP. However, ANOVA indicated no group effects for any outcome. Independent from the periodization model, maximal power output remained statistically unchanged with increased testing loads. For short-term conditioning periods, TP and DUP were equally effective in enhancing biomechanical jumping variables under varying loading conditions.  相似文献   

The Swedish riding school: a social arena for young riders     

Gabriella Thorell  Christian Augustsson  Owe Stråhlman  Karin Morgan 《Sport in Society》2018,21(9):1416-1431

The aim was to explore how young riders experience the riding school. By analysing focus groups interviews, a picture emerged showing that young riders’ main motive for participating at riding schools was the social aspects. Riding schools could be characterized through an institutional perspective in which the young riders became internalized and socialized into a stable culture. The young riders identified with the norms and values of the riding instructors through master–apprentice learning. In addition, the results revealed a change in the stable culture since the instructors encouraged social interactions and participation in the community that became central to learning and development. Opportunities to influence and interact were important for the individuals and from a child’s rights perspective. Through participation in the community of practice at riding schools, young riders not only learn about riding and horse management but also develop important personal social skills.  相似文献   

A microfluidic cell for studying the formation of regenerated silk by synchrotron radiation small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering     

Anne Martel  Manfred Burghammer  Richard Davies  Emanuela DiCola  Pierre Panine  Jean-Baptiste Salmon    Christian Riekel 《Biomicrofluidics》2008,2(2)

A tube-in-square-pipe microfluidic glass cell has been developed for studying the aggregation and fiber formation from regenerated silk solution by in-situ small-angle X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. Acidification-induced aggregation has been observed close to the mixing point of the fibroin and buffer solution. The fibrous, amorphous material is collected in a water bath. Micro-wide-angle X-ray scattering of the dried material confirms its β-sheet nature.  相似文献   

Was Kennzeichnet hermeneutische Forschung?     

Christian Rittelmeyer 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2003,6(4):532-549

Zun?chst wird über die INterpretation eines antiken Reliefs, der so genannten „sinnenden Athena“, ein Zugang zur Bildungskonfiguration in der klassischen griechischen Antike gesucht. An diesem Beispiel einer historischen Rekonstruktion werden dann fünf Merkmale herausgearbeitet, die hermeneutische Forschung in der P?dagogik kennzeichnen: 1. szientistische Verfahren, 2. Kulturanalysen, 3. ein Methodenverst7;andnis des Anteilnehmens am Forschungsgegenstand, 4. Vertrautsein mit dem Forschungsfeld und 5. Ideologiekrritik.  相似文献   

Autonomism: A defence of structural privilege?     

Christian Bay 《Interchange》1988,19(1):54-59

Christian Bay will respond to the interchanges by Jan Narveson and Larry Haworth (see pp. 60–75 of this issue) in a forthcoming issue ofInterchange.  相似文献   

On public education and the good life—for the winners     

Christian Bay 《Interchange》1988,19(2):89-92

  相似文献   

Voices of the Minority: Japanese Immigrant Mothers’ Perceptions of Preschools in the United States     

Christian Winterbottom 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2013,41(3):219-225

Japanese immigrants have been living in the United States for nearly 150 years. Yet, despite the continued presence of this population, there is not a lot of research to suggest why Japanese families have not become more active participants in preschools across the United States (US). In an attempt to understand this phenomenon, this paper examined the voices of nine Japanese immigrant mothers living in the US and articulates their major concerns and ideas; it also provides suggestions to early childhood professionals regarding these insights. Fundamental to this study is the belief that both Japanese parents and preschool teachers need to make a sincere effort to learn and employ communicative strategies and to acquire fundamental knowledge for building effective relationships. Data were drawn from semi-structured interviews and conducted over 12 months of fieldwork. Implications for early childhood professionals are explicated and briefly discussed.  相似文献