e-Cognocracy and the design of public policies     

José María Moreno-Jiménez  Cristina Pérez-Espés  Manuela Velázquez 《Government Information Quarterly》2014

Designing public policies using information technology as a communication support system is one of the most important current issues in the public policy making field. This work presents a methodology for the design and selection of public policies based on the cognitive democratic model known as e-Cognocracy. In addition to facilitating debate between representatives and the represented (deliberative democracy), this model allows for co-decision making between citizens and politicians. Furthermore, and of even greater importance, e-Cognocracy generates a process of continuing education that is concordant to the lifelong process of living systems (cognitive process). The methodology contemplates multiple rounds (usually two) when incorporating the preferences of the actors implicated in decision making and takes advantage of the creative capacity of human beings when solving complex problems. At the same time, the methodology permits the evaluation of both the individual and social learning that is derived from the scientific resolution of the problem and the democratisation of the knowledge that is extracted. This methodology was applied to a real-life experience in the Spanish municipality of Cadrete.  相似文献   

Understanding responsibility in Responsible AI. Dianoetic virtues and the hard problem of context     

Constantinescu  Mihaela  Voinea  Cristina  Uszkai  Radu  Vică  Constantin 《Ethics and Information Technology》2021,23(4):803-814

Ethics and Information Technology - During the last decade there has been burgeoning research concerning the ways in which we should think of and apply the concept of responsibility for Artificial...  相似文献   

Providing knowledge recommendations: an approach for informal electronic mentoring     

Ricardo Colomo-Palacios  Cristina Casado-Lumbreras  Pedro Soto-Acosta  Sanjay Misra 《Interactive Learning Environments》2014,22(2):221-240

The use of Web 2.0 technologies for knowledge management is invading the corporate sphere. The Web 2.0 is the most adopted knowledge transfer tool within knowledge intensive firms and is starting to be used for mentoring. This paper presents IM-TAG, a Web 2.0 tool, based on semantic technologies, for informal mentoring. The tool offers recommendations of mentoring contents built upon personal competencies of the mentee, combined with content and opinion tagging. To validate the tool, a case study comparing recommendations from the IM-TAG and a group of experts was conducted. Results show that the accuracy of IM-TAG's recommendations is notable and satisfactory. The main conclusions of this research may be valuable to organizations immersed in mentoring programs.  相似文献   

Numerical modelling of the structural behaviour of Buti’s bell tower     

Katia Bernardeschi  Cristina Padovani  Giuseppe Pasquinelli   《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2004,5(4):92

The paper describes the numerical techniques implemented in the finite-element code NOSA for structural analysis of masonry constructions. The code is then applied to the analysis of “Buti’s bell tower”, a medieval structure located on the Pisa mountains, under two different conditions: firstly, with the structure subjected to its own weight alone, and then while subjected to both its own weight and a horizontal load, which models an earthquake. The displacement and stress fields, as well as the distribution of cracking have been calculated with NOSA, and the numerical results analysed and compared to the actual distribution of fractures in the tower.  相似文献   

Sensitive periods in the development of attachment and the age of entry into day care     

Dario Varin  Cristina Riva Crugnola  Paola Molina  Chiara Ripamonti 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1996,11(2):215-229

This study investigated how the age of entry into regular group day care may influence, in the context of other relevant variables, some short-time outcomes of this experience. In particular the study focused on behaviours expressing well-being or discomfort in the day care environment during the third year. Subjects were 129 young children who were enrolled in group day care when they were 6–29 months old. During their third year their social behaviour was evaluated by caregivers with the Day Care Adaptation Scale. Researchers observed 54 of the children in reunion with their parents. The quality of care was rated with the ITERS scale. It was found that children who started day care in the intervals 6–12 months and 18–23 months displayed more frequently difficult reunions with their mothers, and were rated as less resistant to frustration. Children who started day care from 12–17 months showed lower relational distress. Some significant relationships were found between the ratings of ITERS and the Day Care Adaptation Scale. These findings are discussed with reference to theories of attachment.  相似文献   

Teachers’ guidance,family participation and track choice: the educational disadvantage of immigrant students in Italy     

Paola Bonizzoni  Cristina Cavallo 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2016,37(5):702-720

In Italy, as in other European countries, students of foreign origin are over-represented in the vocational school tracks, with relevant consequences on their limited chances of attaining a university degree. While research has long underlined the weight that a family’s social, cultural and economic capital has on a child’s school performance, educational expectations and choices, the role that school and teachers themselves play in the transition from lower to upper secondary school has been rarely explored in Italian sociological research. The present study aims to bridge this gap in the literature, showing how teachers’ orienting practices, interacting with highly differentiated patterns of family participation in the school guidance process, can play a relevant role in reproducing foreign-origin students’ segregation into the lower tracks of the school system.  相似文献   

Social origins,academic strength of school curriculum and access to selective higher education institutions: Evidence from Scotland and the USA     

Adriana Duta  Brian An  Cristina Iannelli 《Higher Education》2018,75(5):769-784

This paper analyses the role that different components of the academic strength of the secondary-school curriculum (i.e. number, subjects and grades of advanced academic courses) play in explaining social origin differences in access to prestigious universities (but also to other higher education institutions) in Scotland and the USA. A central aim of the paper is to investigate whether the mechanism behind the studied patterns of inequality differs depending on the characteristics of each educational system. Our results show pronounced social class gaps in entering top higher education institutions in both Scotland and the USA. Academic curriculum plays an important role in explaining these social class differences in both countries. However, while in Scotland type of subjects taken at an advanced level is the strongest mediator for the identified social class differences, in the USA, number of advanced subjects is the strongest. Moreover, taking into account the three academic components combined entirely explains the social class differences in Scotland. Considerable inequalities which are not explained by the strength of academic curriculum remain in the USA.  相似文献   

Children's Understanding of Agriculture as an economic activity: the role of figurative information     

Anna Maria Ajello  Anna Silvia Bombi  Clotilde Pontecorvo  Cristina Zucchermaglio 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1986,1(3):67-80

This paper presents the results of a curriculum of basic economic concepts given to 5 fourth-grade classes (Ss=95). The main topic of this curriculum was the production and distribution of agricultural produce, which had already proved to be difficult for the children. The proposed curriculum was largely inspired by the idea that familiarity with «social scenes» related to the economic process in question is necessary (although not sufficient) to allow children to understand such concepts. Children's level of understanding was tested before and after the curriculum by means of a semi-structured interview on 3 main topics: farmers' use of produce; farmers' use of earnings; produce distribution. Answers were scored according to their complexity and correctness; variance analyses performed on the scores showed significant improvements, as well as differences between classes. A qualitative analysis of children's answers was also performed, with the aim of interpreting the nature of change in each topic.  相似文献   

Conservation in Physics Teaching,History of Science and in Child Development     

Speltini  Cristina  Dibar Ure  María Celia 《Science & Education》2002,11(5):475-486

The current work is an exploratory study on the ideas thatstudents in their fourth semester of engineering have about ``conservation'. Wereview the Piagetian position on the importance of conservations in logical operational structures inchild development and we comment upon other current trends in cognitive psychology. We discussbriefly the development of conservations in science during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries and we pointout the contrast between this and how most textbooks introduce this subject. We have also carried out afirst, tentative analysis of the answers given by a sample of these students to a brief questionnaire about``conservation' and ``non-conservation'.  相似文献   

The relationship among prior knowledge,accessing learning supports,learning outcomes,and game performance in educational games     

Yang  Xiaotong  Rahimi  Seyedahmad  Shute  Valerie  Kuba  Renata  Smith  Ginny  Alonso-Fernández  Cristina 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2021,69(2):1055-1075

Educational technology research and development - In-game learning supports aim to help students solve game levels (i.e., game-related supports), and connect to underlying content (i.e.,...  相似文献