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DOUGLAS P. NEWTON 《Educational studies》1999,25(1):35-54
Understanding is not of the same kind in all contexts. Children learn the kind of understanding that is appropriate in particular contexts largely through a process of enculturation. This study examines some aspects of 10-year-old children's conceptions of understanding. There was evidence that they had admissible conceptions of understanding in general but may be unable to distinguish unaided between the kinds of understanding that are relevant in different disciplines. An explicit attention to enculturation in lesson plans may be of benefit to such children. 相似文献
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DOUGLAS C. STROHMER DONALD A. BIGGS RICHARD F. HAASE MICHAEL J. PURCELL 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1983,23(2):132-141
This study examines the relationship of cognitive complexity, counselor anxiety, and client disability condition to accurate empathy on the part of students in training. A sample (n = 28) of students in a graduate counseling program observed a series of eight vignettes of counseling interviews (four clients with disabilities and four without disabilities) and reported a verbal counseling response to a client statement. A significant main effect was found for the cognitive complexity variable only (p < .05). A significant interaction among cognitive complexity, anxiety, and client disability condition (p < .01) indicated that all three factors interact to influence empathy. Implications for research and the training of counselors are discussed. 相似文献
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Comprehension monitoring is conceptualized as a metacognitive process involving monitoring and control of ongoing discourse processing. The error-detection paradigm was used in an experiment in which 315 7th-, 9th-, and 11th-grade students of low-to-high reading ability monitored and controlled their reading as they searched three times through a text. Search One showed that although all readers failed to monitor many problems, monitoring at lexical, syntactic, and particularly semantic levels increased with age and reading ability. Monitoring for low-ability readers remained low at all three grades. Search Two showed an asymmetry in the effects of instruction to search for errors, and some students exhibited constraints on monitoring and control. Finally, Search Three showed that some students had knowledge necessary to monitor more errors but failed to apply that knowledge to the text. 相似文献
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