全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8981篇 |
免费 | 149篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
教育 | 6612篇 |
科学研究 | 534篇 |
各国文化 | 174篇 |
体育 | 741篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
文化理论 | 135篇 |
信息传播 | 937篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 51篇 |
2021年 | 76篇 |
2020年 | 160篇 |
2019年 | 219篇 |
2018年 | 303篇 |
2017年 | 325篇 |
2016年 | 303篇 |
2015年 | 230篇 |
2014年 | 249篇 |
2013年 | 1977篇 |
2012年 | 238篇 |
2011年 | 247篇 |
2010年 | 228篇 |
2009年 | 195篇 |
2008年 | 295篇 |
2007年 | 226篇 |
2006年 | 218篇 |
2005年 | 206篇 |
2004年 | 162篇 |
2003年 | 189篇 |
2002年 | 178篇 |
2001年 | 140篇 |
2000年 | 131篇 |
1999年 | 119篇 |
1998年 | 113篇 |
1997年 | 116篇 |
1996年 | 121篇 |
1995年 | 129篇 |
1994年 | 136篇 |
1993年 | 96篇 |
1992年 | 119篇 |
1991年 | 111篇 |
1990年 | 111篇 |
1989年 | 97篇 |
1988年 | 87篇 |
1987年 | 73篇 |
1986年 | 70篇 |
1985年 | 83篇 |
1984年 | 72篇 |
1983年 | 79篇 |
1982年 | 80篇 |
1981年 | 88篇 |
1980年 | 89篇 |
1979年 | 85篇 |
1978年 | 56篇 |
1977年 | 51篇 |
1976年 | 56篇 |
1975年 | 46篇 |
1974年 | 41篇 |
1971年 | 35篇 |
排序方式: 共有9137条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Karen L. Jones Peter Tymms David Kemethofer Joe O’Hara Gerry McNamara Stephan Huber 《牛津教育评论》2017,43(6):805-822
It has been widely documented that accountability systems, including school inspections, bring with them unintended side effects. These unintended effects are often negative and have the potential to undo the intended positive effects. However the empirical evidence is limited. Through a European comparative study we have had the rare opportunity to collect empirical evidence and study the effects (both intended and unintended) of school inspections (a key system of accountability) in a systematic way, across seven countries. We present the findings of the unintended effects in this paper. Survey self-report responses from school principals in each country, with differing school inspection systems, are analysed to measure the prevalence of these unintended effects and to investigate the part played by pressure to do well in inspections. A key finding is that increasing pressure in school inspection systems is associated with the undesired effect of the narrowing and refocusing of the curriculum and instructional strategies. We also show that a proportion of school principals admit to misrepresenting the school in data sent to the inspectorate and show evidence for formalisation/proceduralisation (excessive focus on records) and ossification (fear of experimentation in teaching), although these factors are less related to changes in pressure. 相似文献
152.
Sam Gordon 《海外英语》2011,(3):43-43
给小费?这在中国似乎不必。对于小费,各国有各国的讲究。在日本,如果给小费的话,会被认为是非常不礼貌的;而在美国,如果不给小费。服务员也许会追到街上问你要。 相似文献
153.
Denis Alamargot Gilles Caporossi David Chesnet Christine Ros 《Learning and individual differences》2011,21(5):505-516
This study investigated the role of working memory capacity as a factor for individual differences in the ability to compose a text with communicative efficiency based on audience awareness. We analyzed its differential effects on the dynamics of the writing processes, as well as on the content of the finished product. Twenty-five graduate students composed a procedural text explaining how to assemble a model turbine. They were free to consult a documentary source, featuring captioned pictures of turbine parts and assembly steps, at any time. Graphomotor and eye movements were recorded using ‘Eye and Pen’ software with an eye-tracker and digitizing tablet. Results showed that high WM capacity writers used a different strategy to explore the visual source, making longer writing pauses and producing more detailed procedures, and achieved the communicative goal more efficiently, by introducing more reader supports. In conclusion, we discuss the feasibility of audience awareness training. 相似文献
154.
Robert M. Klassen Virginia M. C. Tze Shea M. Betts Kelly A. Gordon 《Educational Psychology Review》2011,23(1):21-43
This review investigates the state of teacher self- and collective efficacy research conducted from 1998 to 2009. Two hundred
and eighteen empirical articles published in 1998–2009 were examined for key characteristics and compared to research published
in the previous 12 years (i.e., 1986–1997). Results from the review show increases in overall teacher efficacy research, methodological
diversity, domain specificity, internationalization, and focus on collective efficacy. Continuing problem areas were a lack
of attention to the sources of teacher efficacy, continued measurement and conceptual problems, a lack of evidence for the
links between teacher efficacy and student outcomes, and uncertain relevance of teacher efficacy research to educational practice.
An outline of directions for future teacher efficacy research is provided. 相似文献
155.
David D. Williams Joseph B. South Stephen C. Yanchar Brent G. Wilson Stephanie Allen 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(6):885-907
This study employed a qualitative research design to investigate how instructional designers use evaluation in everyday design
practice. While past research has examined how designers spend their time, how they generally make decisions, and expert-novice
differences, little attention has been paid to use of context, input, process, or product evaluation, from the perspective
of practicing designers. Based on interviews of practitioners, our findings included ten themes regarding how designers use
evaluation to improve their products. While these results substantiate to some degree the claim that practitioners believe
clients will not pay for formal evaluations, they also suggest that practitioners use evaluation in important but less formal
ways. Other conclusions regarding the role of evaluation in design are provided and future directions for training and research
are discussed. 相似文献
156.
David Devraj Kumar P. V. Thomas John D. Morris Karen M. Tobias Mary Baker Trudy Jermanovich 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(2):116-115
This study examined the impact of computer simulation and supported science learning on a teacher’s understanding and conceptual
knowledge of current electricity. Pre/Post tests were used to measure the teachers’ concept attainment. Overall, there was
a significant and large knowledge difference effect from Pre to Post test. Two interesting interactions were observed during
the data analysis. The first was the difference between Elementary and Secondary teachers. Both groups had significant gains,
with large effect sizes, but the Elementary teachers (Pre-Mean = 3.70, Post-Mean = 7.51) started lower and ended higher exhibiting
a significantly larger gain than the Secondary teachers (Pre-Mean = 4.96, Post-Mean = 6.71). The second interaction was the
impact of gender. Both groups showed significant gains, with large effect sizes, but females (Pre-Mean = 3.90, Post-Mean = 7.21)
gained significantly more than males (Pre-Mean = 5.13, Post-Mean = 7.01). These results confirm that computer simulation supported
science learning can have a positive effect on concept attainment in teachers. 相似文献
157.
Drawing on their experience in a Midwest healthcare system, the authors propose a model of leadership development through action learning that embraces ‘concentric collaboration’ at its core. The present study suggests that the process of concentric collaboration can serve to strengthen the skills of the individual leader as well as foster collective leadership. Central to the model is the growth and development of the individual leader which extends outward to create connections with others, ultimately increasing the social capital necessary to effect organizational change. This work contributes to the leadership development literature by offering a comprehensive model that includes the process of individual growth as well as collective capacity, organizational factors that support or inhibit this process as well as implications for practice. 相似文献
158.
159.
David W. Holmes Madoc Sheehan Melanie Birks John Smithson 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2018,43(1):126-143
Mapping the curriculum of a professional degree to the associated competency standard ensures graduates have the competence to perform as professionals. Existing approaches to competence mapping vary greatly in depth, complexity, and effectiveness, and a standardised approach remains elusive. This paper describes a new mapping software tool that streamlines and standardises the competency mapping process. The available analytics facilitate ongoing programme review, management, and accreditation. The complete mapping and analysis of an Australian mechanical engineering degree programme is described as a case study. Each subject is mapped by evaluating the amount and depth of competence development present. Combining subject results then enables highly detailed programme level analysis. The mapping process is designed to be administratively light, with aspects of professional development embedded in the software. The effective competence mapping described in this paper enables quantification of learning within a professional degree programme, and provides a mechanism for holistic programme improvement. 相似文献
160.
David Zyngier 《Teachers and Teaching》2016,22(7):782-804
This paper analyses pre-service education student perceptions and perspectives related to education for democracy in Australia. Using a critical pedagogical framework datum from an online survey, it presents both quantitative and qualitative responses of contrasting understandings of democracy. It begins by outlining the concepts of thick and thin democracy and why this is important in relation to contemporary debates about the state of civics and citizenship education, and then explains the conceptual framework of critical pedagogy and methodology. The datum analysed is discussed in relation to neoliberalism and indicates that the pre-service teachers in this study view democracy in a narrow or thin way that may impact on their classroom practice where they would be teaching about but not for democracy. A more critical and thicker understanding of democracy is suggested as essential if we desire our students to become active and transformative citizens. 相似文献