Defining student diversity: categorizing and processes of marginalization in Swedish schools     

Eva Hjörne  Roger Säljö 《Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties》2014,19(3):251-265

The article presents an analysis of how diversity is defined and attended to in Swedish schools. The research reported has been carried out as a case study of categorizing practices that concern the uses of neuropsychiatric diagnoses, notably ADHD. The data were collected as part of a larger study. The interaction over a two-year period between the parents of a boy (William, aged 5.5 years) and representatives of the school (school psychologist, principal, teacher etc.) has been analysed. It is shown that parents and professionals provide different accounts of William’s difficulties. The parents, while not denying that their son causes problems in class, argue that the boy will mature and that the problems will disappear. The representatives of the school try to convince the parents that a neuropsychiatric examination of the boy will be beneficial to all parties. The long process of negotiation can be understood as a rhetorical drama, where the category ‘ADHD’ serves as the resolution of a complex institutional problem in the modern welfare state.  相似文献   

Analyzing the temporal evolution of students’ behaviors in open-ended learning environments     

John S. Kinnebrew  James R. Segedy  Gautam Biswas 《Metacognition and Learning》2014,9(2):187-215

Metacognition and self-regulation are important for developing effective learning in the classroom and beyond, but novice learners often lack effective metacognitive and self-regulatory skills. However, researchers have demonstrated that metacognitive processes can be developed through practice and appropriate scaffolding. Betty’s Brain, an open-ended computer-based learning environment, helps students practice their cognitive skills and develop related metacognitive strategies as they learn science topics. In this paper, we analyze students’ activity sequences in a study that compared different categories of adaptive scaffolding in Betty’s Brain. The analysis techniques for measuring students’ cognitive and metacognitive processes extend our previous work on using sequence mining methods to discover students’ frequently-used behavior patterns by (i) developing a systematic approach for interpreting derived behavior patterns using a cognitive/metacognitive task model and (ii) analyzing the evolution of students’ frequent behavior patterns over time. Our results show that it is possible to identify students’ learning behaviors and analyze their evolution as they work in the Betty’s Brain environment. Further, the results illustrate that changes in student behavior were generally consistent with the scaffolding provided, suggesting that these metacognitive strategies can be taught to middle school students in computer-based learning environments.  相似文献   

虹鳟假鳃组织中的碳酸酐酶免疫细胞化学定位(英文)     

S.M.RAHIM  A.G.MAZLAN  K.D.SIMON  J.P.DELAUNOY  P.LAURENT 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,(2)

研究目的:假腮的功能早已引起科学家兴趣,但还有待阐明。本文通过研究硬骨鱼类品种虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的假腮碳酸酐酶的免疫定位,来探讨假腮碳酸酐酶的生理功能。研究方法:免疫组织化学染色技术。重要结论:免疫组化结果显示碳酸酐酶分布在假腮细胞中,更精确地说是在其细胞顶端分布。细胞基底端、管状系统、毛细血管和柱细胞均无免疫染色。免疫细胞化学定位进一步验证了这些结果,并显示一部分是细胞质碳酸酐酶,其余的与细胞膜结构连接。此外,腔隙层未显示出免疫过氧化物酶的活性。本研究揭示了假腮碳酸酐酶的功能与细胞外介质有关,碳酸酐酶能干预传入神经纤维刺激机制。  相似文献   

A Behind‐the‐Scenes Guide to School‐Based Research     

Benjamin D. Plummer  Brian M. Galla  Amy S. Finn  Sarah D. Patrick  David Meketon  Julia Leonard  Calvin Goetz  Elizabeth Fernandez‐Vina  Sara Bartolino  Rachel E. White  Angela L. Duckworth 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2014,8(1):15-20

Schools are an important context for both basic and applied scientific research. Unlike the laboratory, however, the physical and social conditions of schools are not under the exclusive control of scientists. In this article, we liken collecting data in schools to putting on a theatrical production. We begin by describing the large cast of characters whose collaborative efforts make school‐based research possible. Next, we address the critics, including the university Institutional Review Board (IRB) and school administrators, whose feedback often improves the final study design. We then turn our attention to set building, stage directions, and rehearsals—key steps in the iterative process of refining study procedures. We end with a discussion of the day of data collection itself and activities that take place after the curtain drops. Throughout, we make recommendations based on our recent experience collecting data at several high schools.  相似文献   

Developing an audiovisual notebook as a self‐learning tool in histology: Perceptions of teachers and students          下载免费PDF全文

Antonio Campos‐Sánchez  Juan‐Antonio López‐Núñez  Giuseppe Scionti  Ingrid Garzón  Miguel González‐Andrades  Miguel Alaminos  Tomás Sola 《Anatomical sciences education》2014,7(3):209-218

Videos can be used as didactic tools for self‐learning under several circumstances, including those cases in which students are responsible for the development of this resource as an audiovisual notebook. We compared students' and teachers' perceptions regarding the main features that an audiovisual notebook should include. Four questionnaires with items about information, images, text and music, and filmmaking were used to investigate students' (n = 115) and teachers' perceptions (n = 28) regarding the development of a video focused on a histological technique. The results show that both students and teachers significantly prioritize informative components, images and filmmaking more than text and music. The scores were significantly higher for teachers than for students for all four components analyzed. The highest scores were given to items related to practical and medically oriented elements, and the lowest values were given to theoretical and complementary elements. For most items, there were no differences between genders. A strong positive correlation was found between the scores given to each item by teachers and students. These results show that both students' and teachers' perceptions tend to coincide for most items, and suggest that audiovisual notebooks developed by students would emphasize the same items as those perceived by teachers to be the most relevant. Further, these findings suggest that the use of video as an audiovisual learning notebook would not only preserve the curricular objectives but would also offer the advantages of self‐learning processes. Anat Sci Educ 7: 209–218. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

Enhancement of anatomical learning and developing clinical competence of first‐year medical and allied health profession students          下载免费PDF全文

Sarah A. Keim Janssen  Stephane P. VanderMeulen  Valerie K. Shostrom  Carol S. Lomneth 《Anatomical sciences education》2014,7(3):181-190

Hands‐on educational experiences can stimulate student interest, increase knowledge retention, and enhance development of clinical skills. The Lachman test, used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), is commonly performed by health care professionals and is relatively easy to teach to first‐year health profession students. This study integrated teaching the Lachman test into a first‐year anatomy laboratory and examined if students receiving the training would be more confident, competent, and if the training would enhance anatomical learning. First‐year medical, physician assistant and physical therapy students were randomly assigned into either the intervention (Group A) or control group (Group B). Both groups received the course lecture on knee anatomy and training on how to perform the Lachman test during a surface anatomy class. Group A received an additional 15 minutes hands‐on training for the Lachman test utilizing a lightly embalmed cadaver as a simulated patient. One week later, both groups performed the Lachman test on a lightly embalmed cadaver and later completed a post‐test and survey. Students with hands‐on training performed significantly better than students with lecture‐only training in completing the checklist, a post‐test, and correctly diagnosing an ACL tear. Students in Group A also reported being more confident after hands‐on training compared to students receiving lecture‐only training. Both groups reported that incorporating clinical skill activities facilitated learning and created excitement for learning. Hands‐on training using lightly embalmed cadavers as patient simulators increased confidence and competence in performing the Lachman test and aided in learning anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 7: 181–190. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

Learning Disabilities Research Studies: Findings From NICHD-Funded Projects     

Brett Miller  Sharon Vaughn  Lisa S. Freund 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2014,7(3):225-231

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Impact Factor: Early Career Research & Digital Scholarship     

Laura A. Pasquini  Jenny S. Wakefield  Tiffany Roman 《TechTrends》2014,58(6):12-13

It is becoming increasingly vital to publish and share research as well as get citations for the purpose of researcher visibility. The publishing options available for research distribution seem endless. It really is an academic jungle out there! This article reviews why early career researchers and graduate scholars should consider their research impact in the digital age.  相似文献   

Editorial Note     

Karen S. Fischer 《资料收集管理》2014,39(2-3):51-52

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The development of a system for the collection and use of scientific and technological results     

M. P. Biktimirov  S. A. Polikarpov  A. Yu. Scherbakov  P. V. Efremov  D. L. Solodkin 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2014,41(3):178-182

The main aspects related to the development of a system for the aggregation and use of scientific results (hereinafter, the System) are discussed. A unified comprehensive approach to the development of the System and the qualitative improvement of the information about the performance of the Russian research sector provided to the target audience is being suggested for use by academic institutions, government regulators, and the business community. The improvement is meant to be achieved through the development of technology that provides access to the relevant electronic resources. The presented conclusions lay the basis for a range of research and development works in the field related to the collection of scientific results.  相似文献