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Kristen MacKenzie-Shalders Jaimon T. Kelly Daniel So Vernon G. Coffey Nuala M. Byrne 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(14):1635-1649
ABSTRACT The systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of aerobic, resistance and combined exercise on RMR (kCal·day-1) and performed a methodological assessment of indirect calorimetry protocols within the included studies. Subgroup analyses included energy/diet restriction and body composition changes. Randomized control trials (RCTs), quasi – RCTs and cohort trials featuring a physical activity intervention of any form and duration excluding single exercise bouts were included. Participant exclusions included medical conditions impacting upon RMR, the elderly (≥65 years of age) or pregnant, lactating or post-menopausal women. The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42,017,058,503). 1669 articles were identified; 22 were included in the qualitative analysis and 18 were meta-analysed. Exercise interventions (aerobic and resistance exercise combined) did not increase resting metabolic rate (mean difference (MD): 74.6 kCal·day-1[95% CI: ?13.01, 161.33], P = 0.10). While there was no effect of aerobic exercise on RMR (MD: 81.65 kCal·day-1[95% CI: ?57.81, 221.10], P = 0.25), resistance exercise increased RMR compared to controls (MD: 96.17 kCal·day-1[95% CI: 45.17, 147.16], P = 0.0002). This systematic review effectively synthesises the effect of exercise interventions on RMR in comparison to controls; despite heterogenous methodologies and high risk of bias within included studies. 相似文献
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Helena Byrne 《Sport in History》2019,39(2):166-186
ABSTRACTIt is a common fact that women's sport and leisure history, especially in male dominated spheres, and more specifically football, have been ignored by many academics. However, in recent years there have been major developments in digital technology that have changed the nature of the type of research that can be done. Access to tools to facilitate field research are relatively cheap and with the high volume of digitisation projects that have taken place over the last few years as well as the increasing number of born digital resources that have been published, there are new opportunities. In relation to women's soccer in Ireland, this paper asks the question – where are we now? The argument will review the current literature on this subject and outline potential approaches for future research. 相似文献
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Elaine Boehme 《The Journal of perinatal education》2008,17(4):4-7
A young mother shares the stories of her two sons'' births. Her first birth experience was complicated by muscle spasms and changes in her baby''s heart rate during labor and, later, by medical problems with her baby in the days after birth. The mother''s strength and commitment shine through at every twist and turn during labor and the days after her son''s birth. Two years later, in contrast to her first son''s birth, the mother''s second son was born so quickly that labor presented a different set of challenges. The mother''s confidence in birth and in herself are essential facets of the stories of the births of her two sons. 相似文献
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Immediately after a recently fed rodentdemonstrator interacts with a conspecificobserver, the observer shows a substantially enhanced preference for whatever food its demonstrator ate. Here we show that (1) influence
of a single, 30-min interaction with a demonstrator on an observer’s food preference lasts for at least 1 month, and (2) observers
interacting on 2 successive days with a demonstrator fed a different diet on each day show significantly enhanced preferences
for both diets a month later. Such enduring effects of single, brief interactions between a demonstrator rat and its observer
provide an efficient means for studying physiological and behavioral substrates of long-term memory in rodents. Together with
the results of previous studies of social influences on food choices of rats, the present results also suggest that rats may
use information acquired from conspecifics to identify both toxic and safe foods for many weeks after they have acquired this
information. 相似文献
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Māori adults have earlier first memories than adults in any culture studied to date. To test the role of early memory socialization in this advantage, Māori ( n = 15) and New Zealand European (or Pakeha, n = 17) mothers told birth stories and stories of shared past events to their children (3–4 or 7–8 years). Compared to Pakeha mothers, Māori mothers elaborated more in the birth stories, relative to their elaborations in stories about shared past events, and included more references to relational time and internal states in their birth stories. These data provide the first empirical evidence that Māori children experience a richer narrative environment than Pakeha children for significant events in their past. 相似文献
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Brian Byrne William L. Coventry Richard K. Olson Jacqueline Hulslander Sally Wadsworth John C. DeFries Robin Corley Erik G. Willcutt Stefan Samuelsson 《Journal of Research in Reading》2008,31(1):8-21
As part of a longitudinal twin study of literacy and language, we conducted a behaviour‐genetic analysis of orthographic learning, spelling and decoding in Grade 2 children (225 identical and 214 fraternal twin pairs) in the United States and Australia. Each variable showed significant genetic and unique environment influences. Multivariate analyses revealed very high genetic correlations among the variables, indicating that the same genes are involved in their aetiology. These genes are partly independent of those contributing to intelligence. A further analysis indicated that the covariation between decoding and orthographic learning is mediated by shared genes rather than by a direct causal path. The authors argue that a learning parameter, most directly assessed by orthographic learning in this study, underlies all three literacy variables. The results are also discussed in relation to Share's self‐teaching hypothesis, which may require modification. 相似文献
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