The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test: a field test that simulates the activity pattern of soccer     

Nicholas CW  Nuttall FE  Williams C 《Journal of sports sciences》2000,18(2):97-104

The aims of this study were to describe and determine the test-retest reliability of an exercise protocol, the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (the LIST), which was designed to simulate the activity pattern characteristic of the game of soccer. The protocol consisted of two parts: Part A comprised a fixed period of variable-intensity shuttle running over 20 m; Part B consisted of continuous running, alternating every 20 m between 55% and 95% VO2max, until volitional fatigue. Seven trained games players (age 21.5+/-0.9 years, height 182+/-2 cm, body mass 80.1+/-3.6 kg, VO2max 59.0+/-1.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); mean +/- s(x)) performed the test on two occasions (Trial 1 and Trial 2), at least 7 days apart, to determine the test-retest reliability of the sprint times and running capacity. The physiological and metabolic responses on both occasions were also monitored. The participants ingested water ad libitum during the first trial, and were then prescribed the same amount of water during the second trial. The 15 m sprint times during Trials 1 and 2 averaged 2.42+/-0.04 s and 2.43+/-0.04 s, respectively. Run time during Part B was 6.3+/-2.0 min for Trial 1 and 6.1+/-1.3 min for Trial 2. The 95% limits of agreement for sprint times and run times during Part B were -0.14 to 0.12 s and -3.19 to 2.16 min respectively. There were no differences between trials for heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, body mass change during exercise, or blood lactate and glucose concentrations during the test. Thus, we conclude that the sprint times and the Part B run times were reproducible within the limits previously stated. In addition, the activity pattern and the physiological and metabolic responses closely simulated the match demands of soccer.  相似文献   

Leisure time physical activity in Australian women: relationship with well being and symptoms   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Brown WJ  Mishra G  Lee C  Bauman A 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2000,71(3):206-216

This paper explores the association between moderate levels of physical activity (PA) and health benefits in well being and symptoms such as tiredness, back pain, and constipation. Participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, 14,502 young women (ages 18-23 years), 13,609 middle-age women (45-50 years), and 11,421 older women (ages 70-75 years), answered questions about vigorous and less vigorous exercise (used to determine a physical activity score), well being (SF-36), symptoms, and medical conditions. There were significant associations between the PA score and SF-36 in each cohort. Odds ratios (OR) for a range of symptoms and conditions were lower for women who reported low to moderate activity than for sedentary women, for example, for young women or for constipation = 0.76 (CI, 0.65-0.89), for middle-age women or for tiredness = 0.70 (0.63-0.78). There was no threshold of PA at which health benefits increased significantly. Although cross-sectional, the findings suggest that low-to-moderate levels of exercise are associated with a range of health benefits for women of all ages. These preliminary findings will be followed up during the longitudinal study.  相似文献   

Student activity levels, lesson context, and teacher behavior during middle school physical education     

McKenzie TL  Marshall SJ  Sallis JF  Conway TL 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2000,71(3):249-259

There is little research on students' engagement in physical activity in middle school physical education (PE). We observed student activity, lesson context, and teacher behavior in 430 PE lessons taught by 126 teachers in 24 schools. Variables were analyzed by mixed-model nested analyses of covariance. Boys were more active than girls overall and during skill drills, game play, and free play. Student activity varied by lesson context, with fitness activities producing the most activity. Class size was negatively associated with student activity. Daily PE contributed a weekly total of 25 min of vigorous activity and 83 min of moderate-to-vigorous activity--much less than national objectives. Results suggest that numerous opportunities exist for increasing student physical activity during middle school PE.  相似文献   

Enablers and constraints to walking for older African American and American Indian women: the Cultural Activity Participation Study     

Henderson KA  Ainsworth BE 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2000,71(4):313-321

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Temporal patterning of competitive emotions: a critical review   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Cerin E  Szabo A  Hunt N  Williams C 《Journal of sports sciences》2000,18(8):605-626

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From novice to no know-how: a longitudinal study of implicit motor learning   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Maxwell JP  Masters RS  Eves FF 《Journal of sports sciences》2000,18(2):111-120

The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the performances of implicit and explicit learners would converge over an extended period of learning. Participants practised a complex motor skill--golf putting--for 3000 trials, either with a concurrent secondary, tone-counting task (implicit learning) or without such a task (explicit learning). The cognitive demands of the secondary task were predicted to prevent the accumulation of verbalizable rules about the motor task. The implicit group reported significantly fewer rules than the explicit group on subsequent verbal protocols. The performance of the implicit group remained below that of the explicit group throughout the learning phase. However, no significant differences were found between groups during a delayed retention test. Additionally, for the participants in the explicit group only, a Reinvestment Scale score correlated positively with the number of rules accrued and negatively with overall putting performance during the learning phase. We use the results to argue against the excessive use of verbal instruction during skill acquisition, which might be unnecessary and ultimately might hamper performance under stressful conditions.  相似文献   

BIOSIS previews: the power of codes     

Prasek MA 《Medical reference services quarterly》1998,17(2):43-49

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Into the future: The foundations of library and information services in the post-industrial era: Harris, Michael H., Hannah, Stan A., & Harris, Pamela C. 2 edition. Greenwich, CN: Ablex Publishing, 1998. 150 pp. $73.25 (hardcover). ISBN 1-56750-354-3     

Don A. Wicks 《Library & information science research》1998,20(4):435-437

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Response: Academic graduate work in academic librarianship     

Jean A. Major 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》1998,24(6):447-448

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Konzepte und Implementierungsaspekte anwendungsorientierten Archivierens in Datenbanksystemen     

R. Schaarschmidt  K. Bühnert  A. Herbst  K. Küspert und R. Schindler 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1998,13(2):79-89

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