Use of grade-based norms versus age-based norms in psychoeducational assessment for a college population     

Giovingo LK  Proctor BE  Prevatt F 《Journal of learning disabilities》2005,38(1):79-85

Considerable discussion has occurred about the most appropriate methods for diagnosing learning disabilities (LD) in postsecondary students. Two of the many areas of controversy that have emerged include the appropriate diagnostic criteria to use and the appropriate referent group. A review of previous court cases demonstrates that the issue of whether to compare an individual to the general population or to a smaller referent population has not been adequately clarified. Furthermore, few empirical studies have examined the impact of choosing different referent groups on the likelihood that one will be diagnosed with LD. Therefore, this correlational study described the levels of agreement between three diagnostic models of LD, using both age- and grade-based norms to represent two referent groups for each of the three models. The sample included 155 postsecondary students referred for testing due to academic difficulties. The findings indicated that in two of the three models tested, comparing individuals to their grade-matched peers (i.e., using grade-based norms) resulted in more LD diagnoses than comparing individuals to their age-matched peers (i.e., age-based norms).  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Sir Roger Bannister  Kieran Egan  S. B. Drury  Ruth Weir  Juan Pascual-Leone  Frances Rooney 《Interchange》1986,17(3):65-77

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Training program in child abuse for community health workers     

Stuart Copans  Helen Krell  John Gundy  Frances Field  Janet Rogan 《Child abuse & neglect》1979,3(1):123-130

A wide range of health workers in the community provide care for families that abuse or have a potential for abusing their children. Frequently these workers are unable to work effectively because of difficulty dealing with feelings aroused by contact with such families.An experimental child abuse training program for community health workers was designed by a pediatrician, a social worker, a public health nurse and two child psychiatrists. This program included a six-month study group which met weekly to focus on feelings and conflcts aroused during the course of work with abusing or potentially abusing families.Through analysis of the group experience, the leaders identified eleven sets of feelings or conflicts which seemed to interfere consistently with effective delivery of care: 1)anxieties about a) being physically harmed by angry parents and b) about the effects of a decision; 2) denial and inhibition of anger; 3) need for emotional gratification from clients; 4) lack of professional support; 5) feelings of incompetence; 6) denial and projection of responsbility; 7) feeling total responsibility for assigned families; 8) difficulty separating personal from professional responsibility; 9) feelings of being a victim; 10) ambivalent feelings a) toward clients and b) about one's professional role; 11) need to be in control.This type of group experience seems to be an effective method for exploration and resolution of feelings and conflicts.  相似文献   

Effects of Mother-Infant Social Interactions on Infants'' Subsequent Contingency Task Performance     

Philip Dunham  Frances Dunham 《Child development》1990,61(3):785-793

20 3-month-old infants participated in a nonsocial contingency task immediately following a social interaction with their mothers. A measure of the time the dyads spent in a state of vocal turn-taking predicted individual differences in the infants' subsequent performance on the contingency task. These results parallel the social transfer effects we reported earlier in which the turn-taking dimension of social structure was experimentally manipulated to assess its effect on a subsequent nonsocial contingency task.  相似文献   

Thinking outside the box: imagination and empathy beyond story writing     

Frances Brill 《Literacy》2004,38(2):83-89

It is sometimes assumed that the strongest opportunities for developing imagination and empathy through children's writing lie in narrative starting points, whereas other less obviously literary writing forms are more readily associated with functional literacy. Consequently, writing regarded as non‐literary is rarely analysed with these qualities in mind. This paper presents an exploratory, textual analysis of children's letter‐writing texts, which aims to identify and describe the uses of imagination and empathy. It is suggested that imaginative strategies were integral to this textual construction and that the significance of imagination and empathy in writing development is worthy of further exploration.  相似文献   

Characteristics of male and female science teachers     

Wayne W. Welch  Frances Lawrenz 《科学教学研究杂志》1982,19(7):587-594

The characteristics of 273 male science teachers were compared with 72 female science teachers randomly selected from a fourteen-state region in the USA. A multivariate analysis of variance found differences between the two groups significant at the p ? 0.0005 level. Female teachers were higher on measures of interest in science and receptivity to change. Males scored higher on science knowledge indicators and on their perceptions of the teaching support they received. No differences were noted on measures of professional development or their perceptions of teaching effectiveness, curriculum, workload, or facilities. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of science career selection by women.  相似文献   

Herrnstein’s equation for the rates of responding during concurrent schedules     

Frances K. McSweeney  Cam L. Melville  J. E. Whipple 《Learning & behavior》1983,11(3):275-289

A modification of the nonlinear curve-fitting procedure proposed by Wetherington and Lucas (1980) was used to assess how well Herrnstein’s (1970) equation for the rates of responding during concurrent schedules described performance. The equation fitted some results very well, accounting for 80% or more of the variance in the data in studies that used moderate-duration changeover delays and provided the same positive reinforcers, operanda, and simple schedules in the two components. The equation fitted the data poorly in other studies. The k parameter changed with several variables; it was not as constant as Herrnstein (1974) suggested. R₀ did not fit Herrnstein’s interpretation as reinforcement from unprogrammed sources. Forty percent of all values of R₀ were negative, and another 23% were unreasonably large (greater than 50 reinforcers/h). The data suggest that Herrnstein’s equation is not a general theory of concurrent-schedule responding, and that Herrnstein’s interpretation of k and R₀ should be modified.  相似文献   

Feasibility of the MTAI as a Selection Instrument for Pre-Service Teacher Education — A Pilot Project     

Eng Soo Peck  Katherine Yip  Lily Wong  Amy Farn  Larn Tit Loong  Frances Lee 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》1983,5(2):20-42

The Institute of Education is the only institution in Singapore that trains and prepares individuals for the task of teaching. In order to ensure that its products, the teachers, are of a respectable calibre, not only should the training programme be reviewed regularly, but also the method of selecting trainees.  相似文献   

Educational interpreting: understanding the rural experience     

Yarger CC 《American annals of the deaf》2001,146(1):16-30

The present study examined the experiences, preparation, and perceptions of 63 educational interpreters employed in two rural states, using surveys and subsequent in-depth interviews with selected subjects. Only 10 of the 63 interpreters had completed interpreter preparation programs, with 5 of these having no course work related to education. None of the interpreters working in elementary or secondary schools held certification from the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf or any other certifying body. Of the 63 interpreters, 43 were assessed using the Educational Interpreter Performance Assessment (EIPA), which uses a scale of 0-5. Test takers who score 3.5 or better are considered "coherent." The mean score on the EIPA for the 43 educational interpreters was 2.6. Respondents reported concerns about their limited understanding of American Sign Language (ASL), their ability to interpret from ASL to English, and their salaries, training, and professional status.  相似文献   

Teacher perceptions and attitudes that foster or maintain sex role differences     

Frances A. Ricks  Sandra W. Pyke 《Interchange》1973,4(1):26-33

In an attempt to determine the nature of sex role differences as perceived by teachers, a survey of 60 secondary school teachers was conducted. The results revealed teacher perceptions of traditional male-female student behavior in the classroom, teacher preference for male teachers and male students, and the reluctance of most teachers to facilitate sex role behavior changes. Other evidence cited supports the claim of proponents that males and females are socialized differently-toward the maintenance of traditional sex role behavior. How the education system can aim for a new role balance allowing greater independence, integrity, and freedom from misconceptions about the other sex is discussed.

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Résumé Dans le but de déterminer la nature des différences de rôle attribuables au sexe comme les professeurs le voient, une étude a été entreprise auprès de 60 professeurs d'école secondaire. Les résultats ont révélé les perceptions par les professeurs de conduite traditionnelle masculine et féminine en classe, la préférence de la part des professeurs pour étudiants mâles et enseignants mâles, et la répugnance de la majorité des professeurs de faciliter des changements dans la conduite attribuable au sexe. D'autres témoignages cités supportent l'affirmation des partisans de la différence sociale entre hommes et femmes-vers le maintien de la conduite traditionnelle relative aux sexes. La présente étude discute de quelle manière le système éducationnel peut être orienté vers un nouvel équilibre des rôles permettant plus d'indépendance et d'intégrité et moins de conceptions erronées à propos du sexe opposé.

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