Fetal Genotype for the Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzyme NQO1 Influences Intrauterine Growth Among Infants Whose Mothers Smoked During Pregnancy     

Thomas S. Price  Tilo Grosser  Robert Plomin  Sara R. Jaffee 《Child development》2010,81(1):101-114

Maternal smoking during pregnancy retards fetal growth and depresses infant birth weight. The magnitude of these effects may be moderated by fetal genotype. The current study investigated maternal smoking, fetal genotype, and fetal growth in a large population sample of dizygotic twins. Maternal smoking retarded fetal growth in a dose-dependent fashion. In a subsample of 497 twin pairs whose mothers smoked during pregnancy, a functional polymorphism in the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase gene ( NQO1 Pro187Ser; rs1800566) was significantly associated with fetal growth within families. The effect was strongest among moderate smokers. This is the first demonstration that fetal genotype for an enzyme involved in tobacco smoke metabolism influences intrauterine growth independent of maternal genotype. Future studies should conduct formal tests of Fetal Genotype × Maternal Smoking interactions.  相似文献   

Can reflective practice be taught?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gail Edwards  Gary Thomas 《Educational studies》2010,36(4):403-414

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Beyond Giving: Political Advocacy and Volunteer Behaviors of Public University Alumni     

David J. Weerts  Alberto F. Cabrera  Thomas Sanford 《Research in higher education》2010,51(4):346-365

College and university leaders have paid an enormous level of attention to one domain of alumni involvement: charitable giving. In light of the decline of state support for higher education and the shrinking ability of families to pay for college, such emphasis is understandable. However, this emphasis has blinded scholars and practitioners to understanding the important non-monetary support roles played by college alumni. Drawing on data from a research extensive university, this study employs a sequential mixed method design (focus groups and confirmatory factor analysis) to demonstrate that non-monetary support behaviors are best understood through the distinct, but interrelated domains of political advocacy and volunteerism. Political advocacy behaviors include contacting legislators, the governor’s office, local politicians and serving on a political action team, while volunteer behaviors include mentoring new alumni, recruiting students, and participating in special events. The study breaks ground for future research on alumni support for higher education, including strategies to recruit alumni volunteers and advocates.  相似文献   

Comparisons among Designs for Equating Mixed-Format Tests in Large-Scale Assessments     

Sooyeon Kim  Michael E. Walker  Frederick McHale 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2010,47(1):36-53

In this study we examined variations of the nonequivalent groups equating design for tests containing both multiple-choice (MC) and constructed-response (CR) items to determine which design was most effective in producing equivalent scores across the two tests to be equated. Using data from a large-scale exam, this study investigated the use of anchor CR item rescoring (known as trend scoring) in the context of classical equating methods. Four linking designs were examined: an anchor with only MC items, a mixed-format anchor test containing both MC and CR items; a mixed-format anchor test incorporating common CR item rescoring; and an equivalent groups (EG) design with CR item rescoring, thereby avoiding the need for an anchor test. Designs using either MC items alone or a mixed anchor without CR item rescoring resulted in much larger bias than the other two designs. The EG design with trend scoring resulted in the smallest bias, leading to the smallest root mean squared error value.  相似文献   

Relations between early family risk, children's behavioral regulation, and academic achievement   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sektnan M  McClelland MM  Acock A  Morrison FJ 《Early childhood research quarterly》2010,25(4):464-479

This study examined relations among early family risk, children's behavioral regulation at 54 months and kindergarten, and academic achievement in first grade using data on 1,298 children from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Family risk was indexed by ethnic minority status, low maternal education, low average family income from 1 - 54 months, and high maternal depressive symptoms from 1 - 54 months. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that minority status, low maternal education, and low family income had significant negative effects on reading, math, and vocabulary achievement in first grade. Modest indirect effects were also found from ethnicity, maternal education, and maternal depressive symptoms, through 54-month and kindergarten behavioral regulation to first-grade achievement. Discussion focuses on the importance of behavioral regulation for school success especially for children facing early risk.  相似文献   

Developmental assessment: lifting literacy through professional learning teams     

Patrick Griffin  Leanne Murray  Esther Care  Amanda Thomas  Pierina Perri 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2010,17(4):383-397

Outcomes and findings from an evidence‐based approach to targeting primary school students’ developmental reading comprehension levels for effective learning are described. Nineteen schools participated in a literacy assessment project designed to monitor and improve the reading comprehension achievement levels of their students. The project integrated a developmental approach to learning and teaching, information derived from standardised reading comprehension assessments, and professional development for teachers. Reading comprehension achievement across the schools increased at a higher rate than typically expected. Teacher discourse about teaching and learning changed from discrete skill and resource focused, to developmentally focused. The centrality of a professional learning team approach to change for the student, teacher and school is discussed.  相似文献   

Refractometric studies of neutralization     

Frederick S. Hammett 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1925,199(1):91-98

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Tables for the calculation of the inductance of circular coils of rectangular cross-section     

Frederick W. Grover 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1923,195(2):246-248

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On the strength of cylindrical boilers     

Thomas W. Bakewell 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1843,36(2):100-104

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On various improved pastes and lutes     

Thomas Gill 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1830,9(5):334-336

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