Enhancing Socio-technical Governance: Targeting Inequality in Innovation Through Inclusivity Mainstreaming     

Williams  Logan D. A.  Woodson  Thomas S. 《Minerva》2019,57(4):453-477

Socio-technical governance has been of long-standing interest to science and technology studies and science policy studies. Recent calls for midstream modulation direct attention to a more complicated model of innovation, and a new place for social scientists to intervene in research, design and development. This paper develops and expands this earlier work to demonstrate how a suite of concepts from science and technology studies and innovation studies can be used as a heuristic tool to conduct real-time evaluation and reflection during the process of innovation – upstream, midstream, and downstream. The result of this new protocol is inclusivity mainstreaming: determining if and how marginalized peoples and perspectives are being maximally incorporated into the model of innovation, while highlighting common problems of inequality that need to be addressed.

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corps à: body/ies in deconstruction     

Lenka Vráblíková  Thomas Clément Mercier 《Parallax》2019,25(1):1-7

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The Truth That Hurts,or the Corps à Corps of Tongues: An interview with Jacques Derrida     

Jacques Derrida  Évelyne Grossman  Translated by Thomas Clément Mercier 《Parallax》2019,25(1):8-24

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Using a metaphor for learning to improve students' metacognition in the chemistry classroom     

Gregory P. Thomas  Campbell J. McRobbie 《科学教学研究杂志》2001,38(2):222-259

A constructivist framework was used in conjunction with an interpretive methodology to investigate the effect of an intervention using the metaphor “learning is constructing” on students' metacognition and learning processes. The metaphor was used to communicate with students regarding learning processes consistent with constructivism. Students were initially found to be generally non‐metacognitive regarding their learning processes. Despite some students possessing metacognitive knowledge consistent with a constructivist learning orientation, their pre‐intervention views and preferences in relation to teaching and learning were predominantly consistent with transmission models. The effect of the intervention on students' metacognition was variable. Some students became increasingly metacognitive and reported evidence of revision of their learning processes. Others reported little or no effect. The effects of the intervention can be partially explained by considering changes to students' metacognition as conceptual change. However, this study also shows that contextual factors are key determinants of students' propensity to enhance their metacognition and learning processes. This study highlights the potential of using metaphor as a means to assist teachers and students develop a shared language of learning in classroom settings. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 222–259, 2001  相似文献   

Mapping Aspect Ratios in the Age of High-Definition Television     

Thomas J. Connelly 《Popular Communication》2014,12(3):178-193

Although high-definition television (HDTV) has led to more film and television content being presented in a widescreen aspect ratio, problems with formatting moving images in nontheatrical environments persist. Because of the different venues and delivery systems available for accessing televisual and cinematic content, the variety of high definition and standard definition television channels across cable and satellite providers, as well as the different aspect ratios filmmakers can choose to photograph their works, nontheatrical exhibition of the moving image continues to be a source of contention in the age of high definition. Drawing upon a number of comments from online home media forums, this study concludes that the variant quality of widescreen images for HDTV is not solely grounded on a subculture of home theatre enthusiasts, but rather how networks and studios negotiate new television technologies for the aesthetic preferences of both film and home theatre buffs and the general viewing audience.  相似文献   

Biomechanical validation of a specific upper body training and testing drill in cross-country skiing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stöggl T  Lindinger S  Müller E 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2006,5(1):23-46

The aim of this study was to perform a biomechanical validation of a double poling imitation drill on a rollerboard. Six elite cross-country skiers performed three imitation drill trials at maximal speed at 13 degrees inclination and in double poling on roller skis on a paved road of 3 degrees. Pole and strap forces, elbow and hip angles and EMG activity of eight upper body muscles were measured. Force curves showed similar characteristics, except for impact force occurring only at pole plant in double poling on roller skis. Double poling on a rollerboard includes an eccentric roll-down phase not appearing in double polling on roller skis. Forces on the rollerboard were similar to those on roller skis. Courses of the elbow angles indicated similar shapes, except for the angle at the start of the propulsion phase and, consequently, during flexion (p < 0.01). Propulsion time and cycle duration were longer and frequency lower on the rollerboard (all p < 0.001). Muscle activities were not significantly different, except for stronger biceps brachii (p < 0.01) and weaker erector spinae activation (p < 0.05) on the rollerboard. Muscle coordination patterns showed similar onset and offset points of each muscle and comparable activations in both activities, except for biceps brachii. Two movement strategies on the rollerboard were found, which led to small differences in measured variables. The biomechanical validity of double poling on a rollerboard can be judged as moderately high, being aware of the differences in some variables that might be considered in training sessions on the rollerboard, particularly when using intervals with high number of repetitions.  相似文献   

Education's “4th R”: Responsibility     

Thomas N. Dorsel 《Psychology in the schools》1987,24(2):151-152

The need for students to learn responsibility is considered. A current absence of such skills is described, followed by a straightforward approach for correcting the situation at the college level. The urgency for remediation in this area is discussed, emphasizing the importance of responsibility throughout life.  相似文献   

Effects of wear on static and dynamic failure loads of aluminium-based alloy climbing karabiners     

Thomas Schambron  Peter J. Uggowitzer 《Sports Engineering》2009,11(2):85-91

In rock climbing, karabiners are used to arrest falls and consequently must be able to withstand dynamic loads. The current international standard for rating karabiner strength prescribes a quasi-static tensile test, which poorly simulates the dynamic nature of an actual climbing fall. In this study, a new method was developed to measure the dynamic failure loads of climbing karabiners. Both new and heavily worn karabiners were tested open and closed, and results from static and dynamic tests were compared. We found that the dynamic failure loads of closed karabiners were up to 50% lower than the failure loads in static tests, while for open karabiners, the static and dynamic values were similar. The reason for this behaviour is unclear; it is most likely due to the combined effects of different stress concentrations and loading regimes of the two tests. Irrespective of test type, karabiner strength decreased with wear level. Based on our results, we advise frequent inspection of permanently placed karabiners for signs of excessive wear. In addition, testing of climbing karabiners in a dynamic test in addition to the standard static test might be considered when developing new karabiner models.  相似文献   

Assessing pitcher and catcher influences on base stealing in Major League Baseball     

Loughin TM  Bargen JL 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(1):15-20

A formal statistical analysis is performed to determine the extent to which pitchers and catchers can influence stolen-base attempts and successes. Two response proportions, attempt/opportunity and success/attempt, are modelled separately using mixed-effects logistic regression models applied to situations with a runner on first and other bases empty. Data include the first innings of all Major League Baseball games played between 1978 and 1990, which encompasses over 48,000 opportunities and 9000 attempts. Pitchers and catchers are entered as random effects and various other factors thought to influence stolen-base attempts and successes are entered as fixed effects. Variance components are estimated and hypotheses tests indicate that the population variance components for both pitchers and catchers are significant for both response proportions. The presence of variation among players at the respective positions is interpreted as evidence that stolen-base defence is a real skill exhibited to varying extents by different players. Furthermore, the variance component for pitchers is greater than that for catchers for both response proportions, indicating that pitchers have greater potential to affect stolen-base attempts and successes. Under usual conditions, it is estimated that 95% of pitchers have first-inning stolen-base success/attempt probabilities between 0.50 and 0.84, while 95% of catchers have probabilities between 0.59 and 0.79.  相似文献   

On passion and sports fans: a look at football     

Vallerand RJ  Ntoumanis N  Philippe FL  Lavigne GL  Carbonneau N  Bonneville A  Lagacé-Labonté C  Maliha G 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(12):1279-1293

The purpose of the present research was to test the applicability of the Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand et al., 2003) to being a sport (football) fan. Three studies provided support for this dualistic conceptualization of passion. Study 1 showed that harmonious passion was positively associated with adaptive behaviours (e.g. celebrate the team's victory), whereas obsessive passion was positively associated with maladaptive behaviours (e.g. risking losing one's job to go to a game). Study 2 used a short Passion Scale and showed that harmonious passion was positively related to the positive affective life of fans during the 2006 FIFA World Cup, psychological health (self-esteem and life satisfaction), and public displays of adaptive behaviours (e.g. celebrate the team's victory into the streets), whereas obsessive passion was predictive of maladaptive affective life (e.g. hating opposing teams' fans) and behaviours (e.g. mocking opposing teams' fans). Finally, Study 3 examined the role of obsessive passion as a predictor of partner's conflict that in turn undermined partner's relationship satisfaction. Overall, the present results provided support for the Dualistic Model of Passion. The conceptual and applied implications of the findings are discussed.  相似文献