Teachers’ Concepts of Spatial Scale: An international comparison     

M. Gail Jones  Manuela Paechter  Chiung-Fen Yen  Grant Gardner  Amy Taylor  Thomas Tretter 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(14):2462-2482

Metric scale is an important concept taught as part of science curricula across different countries. This study explored metric and relative (body-length) scale concepts of inservice (N?=?92) and preservice (N?=?134) teachers from Austria, and Taiwan, and their concepts were compared with those of teachers from the USA. Participants completed three assessments: the Scale Anchoring Objects (SAO), Scale of Objects Questionnaire (SOQ), and a subsample of participants were interviewed with the Learning Scale Interview. A Rasch analysis was conducted with the SAO and SOQ and results showed that the Rasch model held for these assessments, indicating that there is an underlying common dimension to understanding scale. Further analyses showed that accuracy of knowledge of scale measured by the SAO and SOQ was not related to professional experience. There were significant differences in teachers’ accuracy of scale concepts by nationality. This was true for both metric and body-length SAO assessments. Post hoc comparisons showed that the Austrian and Taiwanese participants were significantly more accurate than the US sample on the SAO and SOQ. The Austrian participants scored significantly higher than the US and the Taiwanese participants. The results of the interviews showed that the Taiwanese experienced teacher participants were more likely to report learning size and scale through in-school experiences than the Austrian or the US participants. US teachers reported learning size and scale most often through participating in hobbies and sports, Taiwanese teachers reported learning scale through sports and reading, and Austrian teachers most often noted that they learned about scale through travel.  相似文献   

How Bureaucratic Are Big-City School Systems?     

Kenneth K. Wong  Gail L. Sunderman 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(3-4):14-40

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The Minicourse: Helping Teachers with Curriculum Change     

David Cohen  Christine Deer  Marelle Harrison  Gail Thompson 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(2):175-180

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Gender differences in motivation and strategy use in science: Are girls rote learners?     

Judith L. Meece  M. Gail Jones 《科学教学研究杂志》1996,33(4):393-406

This study explored Ridley and Novak's (1983) hypothesis that gender differences in science achievement are due to differences in rote and meaningful learning modes. To test this hypothesis, we examined gender differences in fifth- and sixth-grade students' (N = 213) self-reports of confidence, motivation goals (task mastery, ego, and work avoidance), and learning strategies (active and superficial) in whole-class and small-group science lessons. Overall, the results revealed few gender differences. Compared with girls, boys reported greater confidence in their science abilities. Average-achieving girls reported greater use of meaningful learning strategies than did their male counterparts, whereas low-ability boys reported a stronger mastery orientation than did low-ability girls. The results further showed that students report greater confidence and mastery motivation in small-group than whole-class lessons. In contrast, students reported greater work avoidance in whole-class than small-group lessons. In general, the findings provide little support for Ridley and Novak's hypothesis that girls tend to engage in rote-level learning in science classes. Differences in self-reports of motivation and strategy-use patterns were more strongly related to the student's ability level and to the structure of learning activities (small group vs. whole class) than to gender. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

Students' reactions after cheating: An attributional analysis     

Donelson R. Forsyth  William R. Pope  James H. McMillan 《Contemporary educational psychology》1985,10(1):72-82

The hypothesis that students who cheat will externalize the cause of this behavior was tested by contrasting the causal inferences of cheating students and noncheating students. The results supported Kelley's attributional model, for cheaters tended to note the high distinctiveness, high consensus, and low consistency of their actions, while noncheaters noted the low distinctiveness, low consensus, and high consistency of their morally commendable actions. Comparison of the students' attributions with inferences formulated by uninvolved observers also indicated that students tended to formulate self-serving attributions, suggesting that external attributions—in providing students with an excuse for cheating—may work to limit self-concept changes after misconduct.  相似文献   

Editors’ comments     

M. Gail Shroyer  Carol A. Borchers 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1995,6(4):164-164

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M. Gail Shroyer  Carol A. Borchers 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1995,6(4):164

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Medicine in Quotations: Views of Health and Disease Through the Ages.     

Gail Hendler 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2001,89(1):88

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The politics of admissions in California     

Gail Heriot 《Academic Questions》2001,14(4):29-36

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Violence and the changing universe of disabilities     

Dr. Gail Ruppert Houle 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1996,23(4):197-200

The field of special education has primary responsibility for providing specialized services to young children with disabilities in the schools. Increasingly, it is recognized that many disabilities identified among young children may be attributable to environmental variables, such as violence, poverty, toxic materials exposure, and family dysfunction. Issues of violence hold particular relevance for special education professionals. Recent studies report that young children with disabilities are 1.7 times more likely to be victims of maltreatment than children without disabilities. For children with disabilities living with the effects of violence, the infrastructure of special education as it is now developing may be the most promising approach to individual and systems intervention. Comprehensive community-based initiatives are replacing fragmented practices. The new collaborations can multiply the results of intervention or support programs beyond those attainable through any single approach. Views expressed in this article are solely those of the author and do not reflect policies of the U.S. Department of Education.  相似文献