Agricultural and science education: a socio-analysis of their intersection and positions within the educational field     

Bryan J. Hains  Gary L. Hansen  Ronald J. Hustedde 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2017,12(1):199-210

It can be argued that agricultural science is one of the original forms of science education. However, over the past century, agricultural science education has habitually been perceived as an educational venue meant solely for production agriculturalists. When examining modern agricultural education we find it to be a minority within the broader field of science education, contradicting its historically stout scientific standing within the sciences. This educational shift leaves one to ponder the historic development of contemporary agricultural education. To gain deeper insight into these questions we reviewed the historical evolution of agricultural education within the United States. We then examined the professional habitus, or cultural nuances, associated with contemporary agricultural education. Next, we considered potential outcomes associated with the profession embracing post-modern perspectives within mainstream science and community-based education. Finally, we call for critical venues within agriculture education to question the status quo and challenge the acceptance of commonly held views.  相似文献   

Dependency structure language model for topic detection and tracking     

Changki Lee  Gary Geunbae Lee  Myunggil Jang 《Information processing & management》2007

In this paper, we propose a new language model, namely, a dependency structure language model, for topic detection and tracking (TDT) to compensate for weakness of unigram and bigram language models. The dependency structure language model is based on the Chow expansion theory and the dependency parse tree generated by a linguistic parser. So, long-distance dependencies can be naturally captured by the dependency structure language model. We carried out extensive experiments to verify the proposed model on topic tracking and link detection in TDT. In both cases, the dependency structure language models perform better than strong baseline approaches.  相似文献   

Efficient implementation of associative classifiers for document classification     

Yongwook Yoon  Gary Geunbae Lee 《Information processing & management》2007

In practical text classification tasks, the ability to interpret the classification result is as important as the ability to classify exactly. Associative classifiers have many favorable characteristics such as rapid training, good classification accuracy, and excellent interpretation. However, associative classifiers also have some obstacles to overcome when they are applied in the area of text classification. The target text collection generally has a very high dimension, thus the training process might take a very long time. We propose a feature selection based on the mutual information between the word and class variables to reduce the space dimension of the associative classifiers. In addition, the training process of the associative classifier produces a huge amount of classification rules, which makes the prediction with a new document ineffective. We resolve this by introducing a new efficient method for storing and pruning classification rules. This method can also be used when predicting a test document. Experimental results using the 20-newsgroups dataset show many benefits of the associative classification in both training and predicting when applied to a real world problem.  相似文献   

Research engagement and educational decentralisation: problematising primary school English teachers’ research experiences in China     

Xuesong Gao  Gary Barkhuizen  Alice Wai Kwan Chow 《Educational studies》2011,37(2):207-219

Teachers are encouraged to enhance professional competence through reflective practice and they are also asked to undertake research to generate evidence for their professional practices. This paper reports on an inquiry into a group of primary school English language teachers’ research engagement in the province of Guangdong on the Chinese mainland. The inquiry explored the effect of educational reforms on the participants’ research engagement through the use of an open‐ended questionnaire and group interviews. The inquiry revealed that research engagement had become an important part of the teachers’ professional lives. Emerging findings from the inquiry also problematised their research engagement as it was found to have been undermined by a competitive promotion mechanism, the teachers’ conceptualisations of research and challenges in the knowledge dissemination process. The paper ends with reflections on how to make teacher research “educational” for teachers and serve as an effective way for professional development.  相似文献   

Upward evaluation at the Arizona Health Sciences Library     

Carol L Howe  Patricia A Auflick  Gary Freiburger 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2011,99(1):91-94

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Nutrition guidelines for strength sports: sprinting, weightlifting, throwing events, and bodybuilding     

Slater G  Phillips SM 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(Z1):S67-S77

Strength and power athletes are primarily interested in enhancing power relative to body weight and thus almost all undertake some form of resistance training. While athletes may periodically attempt to promote skeletal muscle hypertrophy, key nutritional issues are broader than those pertinent to hypertrophy and include an appreciation of the sports supplement industry, the strategic timing of nutrient intake to maximize fuelling and recovery objectives, plus achievement of pre-competition body mass requirements. Total energy and macronutrient intakes of strength-power athletes are generally high but intakes tend to be unremarkable when expressed relative to body mass. Greater insight into optimization of dietary intake to achieve nutrition-related goals would be achieved from assessment of nutrient distribution over the day, especially intake before, during, and after exercise. This information is not readily available on strength-power athletes and research is warranted. There is a general void of scientific investigation relating specifically to this unique group of athletes. Until this is resolved, sports nutrition recommendations for strength-power athletes should be directed at the individual athlete, focusing on their specific nutrition-related goals, with an emphasis on the nutritional support of training.  相似文献   

Academic social bookmarking: An empirical analysis of Connotea users     

Helen S. Du  Samuel K.W. Chu  Gary E. Gorman  Felix L.C. Siu 《Library & information science research》2014

Three groups of social bookmarking users, namely experienced users, users with moderate level of experience, and novice users, were investigated, in terms of their reported tagging behaviors, perceived usefulness of social bookmarking in information discovery and management, and perceived usefulness of the bookmarking features provided. Based on the empirical analysis of the Connotea users, who are primarily in academia, the study shows that experienced academic users generally prefer to use social bookmarking while moderately experienced and novice users still prefer to use the traditional bookmarking methods, such as creating and using bookmarks on a dedicated computer. Experienced academic users were also found to create more tags per bookmark comparing to the other two groups. Most novice academic users, however, only created one tag per bookmark, which just met Connotea's minimum requirement. Surprisingly different from the collaborative design nature of the social bookmarking systems, the study finds that our participants, particularly experienced academic users, prefer to create and use their own bookmarks rather than sharing bookmarks created by others. In fact, experienced users have significantly higher frequency (once every two weeks) of creating bookmarks than the other two groups (once a month or less). In addition, website design features and functions, such as automatic collection of bibliographic information, are regarded by all participants as helpful for information discovery. The in-depth examination and discussion of the opinions of Connotea users may be useful for further improvement of the design features and usage applications, particularly for academic social bookmarking websites. The results may also have potential implications to the future development of social bookmarking services in general.  相似文献   

Chronic neglect of family violence: more than a decade of reports to guide US policy     

Melton GB 《Child abuse & neglect》2002,26(6-7):569-586

For more than a decade, several boards and committees have reviewed the state of policy, research, and services on child maltreatment and other forms of family violence in the US. Although these efforts have resulted in a redefinition of the tasks involved in protecting people within their homes, this new conceptualization has yet to have a substantial effect on policy, research, and services. Some positive steps have been taken, but most are still modest in scope. They may be dwarfed by the growing challenges in family and community life.  相似文献   

Assessment measures: The reflective judgment interview     

Gary R. Pike 《Assessment Update》1996,8(5):14-15

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Effects of delayed retention on multiple-choice test performance     

Gary Phye  Joseph Gugliemella  Janet Sola 《Contemporary educational psychology》1976,1(1):26-36

In two experiments, immediate feedback defined as feedback following the completion of a 40-item multiple-choice test and delayed feedback (received 48 hr later) were examined in a simulated classroom situation with college students. As defined, delayed feedback was not superior to immediate feedback, as would be predicted by the delayed retention effect. Also, feedback in the form of correct answer only was superior to correct answer plus distractors lending partial support to the frequency theory of recognition memory. In addition to not finding the delayed retention effect, an analysis of errors in experiment two did not support the interference—perseveration hypothesis as an explanation for the type of error committed following immediate feedback.  相似文献