Spatial ability and achievement in introductory physics     

George J. Pallrand  Fred Seeber 《科学教学研究杂志》1984,21(5):507-516

This research was undertaken to clarify the nature of the relationship between visual-spatial abilities and achievement in science courses. A related purpose was to determine what influence visual-spatial abilities have on the high attribution rate characteristic of many introductory college-level science courses. Three sections of introductory college level physics (S = 136) and one nonscience liberal arts section (S = 52) received pre- and postmeasures of visual-spatial ability in the areas of perception, orientation, and visualization. Increases in visual-spatial abilities were greatest with an experimental section that received a spatial intervention. These gains were related to test items that utilized graphical form and to laboratory work. Substantial gains in visual-spatial ability were also registered by a placebo and by control sections. These increases suggest that taking introductory physics improves visual-spatial abilities. Although students who withdrew from the course demonstrated mathematics skills comparable to those of students who completed the course, their scores on perception tests were appreciably lower. Visual-spatial scores of the liberal arts group were lower than those of the physics sections, suggesting that visual-spatial ability influences course selection.  相似文献   

Political issues in the evaluation of in‐service programmes for teachers     

George F. Chadwick 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1980,3(4):207-214

Chadwick, G.F. “Political issues in the evaluation of in‐service programmes for teachers,” Revue ATEE Journal 3 (1980) 207‐214.

The article focuses on the political dimensions of course evaluation. It begins by looking at the external and internal pressures faced by staff evaluating in‐service teacher training courses in a polytechnic. The suggestion is made that in‐service education courses at North East London Polytechnic attempt to change the power balance between training institutions and teachers working in schools, through developing teacher awareness and competence. Some of the difficulties faced by this approach are considered: (1) the inherent conservatism of the profession; (2) constraints imposed by the accepted style of evaluation; (3) overall agreement on aims; and (4) the difficulties of teachers in classrooms.  相似文献   

The relationship between author gender and the methods and topics used in the study of college students     

John P. Bean  George D. Kuh 《Research in higher education》1988,28(2):130-144

The research on college students published between 1969 and 1983 in eleven periodicals was used to examine the substantive topics and research methods preferred by male and female authors. Gender differences persisted over the fifteen year period and became sharper after 1975.  相似文献   

Individualizing instruction through pacing procedures     

George L. Gropper  Gerard C. Kress 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1965,13(2):165-182

Conclusion The ideal outcome of individualized instruction is both effective and efficient instruction. Confining ourselves to a consideration of fixed-paced instruction which is offered because the medium requiredhappens to be fixed-paced in character, how can such instruction be both effective and efficient? When slow, it tends to be effective but inefficient. Unless it can be demonstrated that slow students can be sped up, inefficiency may be the price that must be paid to make effectiveness possible for them. The trade-off is no different than that which is currently necessary in selfpaced instruction. The research described in this paper was performed under a grant (No. 7-48-0000-159) to the Metropolitan Pittsburgh educational television station, WQED, from the Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, under Title VII of the National Defense Education Act of 1958. The research was performed under the direction of George L. Gropper, principal investigator.  相似文献   

Using Latent Variable Modeling for Discrete Time Survival Analysis: Examining the Links of Depression to Mortality     

Tenko Raykov  Anna Zajacova  Philip B. Gorelick  George A. Marcoulides 《Structural equation modeling》2018,25(2):287-293

Using a latent variable modeling approach to discrete time survival analysis, the dynamics of the relationships of depression and body mass index to mortality are examined with data from the multiwave, nationally representative Health and Retirement Study. A set of medical and demographic variables are employed as time-invariant covariates along with lag-1 depression scores and body mass indexes as time-varying covariates for mortality within an up to 2-year follow-up interval. The results indicate marked links of immediately prior depression levels, as well as notable relations of the body mass indexes, to within-wave mortality in middle-aged and older adults. The approach highlights the benefits of using latent variable modeling for survival analysis, and its findings represent potentially important relationships of clinical and theoretical relevance.  相似文献   

Reducing poverty in Latin America among indigenous people: An enhanced role for education     

George Psacharopoulos  Harry Anthony Patrinos 《Prospects》1995,25(1):119-131

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Air quality: a comparison of students' conceptions and attitudes across the continents     

Edward Boyes  George Myers  Keith Skamp  Martin Stanisstreet  Stephen Yeung 《Compare》2007,37(4):425-445

A closed‐form questionnaire was used to explore the ideas of school students about the composition of air, the causes and consequences of air pollution and the extent to which the students would accept various courses of action to reduce air pollution. Items for the questionnaire were derived from the results of interviews and an earlier open‐form questionnaire. More than 3000 students aged 11 to 17 years and from Australia, Hong Kong and the UK were surveyed. There was a degree of similarity between students from the different countries in their knowledge about air composition and air pollution. In terms of attitudes, however, there were differences in students' opinions about the acceptability of actions to improve air quality. Path analysis of the data appeared to show that Hong Kong students are more amenable to education as an instrument to influence their attitudes. For the other countries, the acceptability of actions for environmental protection was related to the degree of concern about air quality  相似文献   

Lexical prosody as an aspect of oral reading fluency     

Paula J. Schwanenflugel  Rebekah George Benjamin 《Reading and writing》2017,30(1):143-162

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the lexical compounding, suffixation, and part of speech aspects of lexical prosody rendered while reading text aloud are predictive of children’s developing oral reading fluency and reading comprehension skills. Ninety-four third grade children were recorded while reading aloud a grade-level passage targeting lexical prosody contrasts related to suffixation, compounding, and part of speech. Children also completed assessments on reading fluency, word reading efficiency, and reading comprehension skills. Prosodic measurements of pitch and amplitude for each syllable of the targeted words, and spoken head word length in ms for targeted compound words, were carried out. Spectrographic analyses indicated that children generally displayed appropriate prosody for each lexical prosody contrast examined. The extent to which children made these prosodic distinctions between syllables was related to their reading fluency and comprehension skills. The study finds that, in the oral reading of connected texts, children’s use of lexical prosody is an aspect of general reading prosody that is predictive of reading fluency.  相似文献   

An Instructional Design Model: classroom applications     

George Flouris 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1988,11(1):59-72

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Higher education in Kenya: an assessment of current responses to the imperative of widening access     

George Odhiambo 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2016,38(2):196-211

Higher education is a key factor in a nation’s effort to develop a highly skilled workforce for competing in the global economy. In this paper, current trends in accessibility, equity, participation and financing of higher education in Kenya are examined. The paper explores the challenges which need to be confronted and discusses the way forward for reforming higher education policies in Kenya to widen access and advance equity by suggesting a number of strategies. It highlights the need for programmes and policies focusing on improving access to quality secondary education experiences; increasing aspirations and application to higher education; and the improvement of policies on financial support to disadvantaged students through the already existing Higher Education Loans Board. It concludes with a number of recommendations including a new revenue allocation particularly to the rising numbers of higher education aspirants from low income, rural, ethnic minorities and women.  相似文献