Acute exercise-induced irisin release in healthy adults: Associations with training status and exercise mode     

Shanhu Qiu  Edit Bosnyák  Gunnar Treff  Jürgen Michael Steinacker  Andreas Michael Nieß  Karsten Krüger 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(9):1226-1233

There is a growing interest in exploring irisin response to acute exercise; however, the associations of acute exercise-induced irisin release with training status and exercise mode are not fully understood. This study was primarily designed to evaluate these associations. Sixteen healthy adults (8 trained versus 8 untrained) underwent a bout of cycling at 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) for 50?min, with blood drawn pre-, 10-, and 180-min post-exercise. Another 17 healthy adults performed 2 bouts of graded exercise (cycling and running) until exhaustion on separate days using a randomized cross-over design, with blood taken pre-, 0-, 10-, and 60-min post-exercise. Circulating irisin, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and myoglobin (Mb) were measured, and their respective areas under the curves (AUCs) were calculated. Irisin increased 10-min after 50?min of cycling at 80% of VO_2max, while its changes from baseline to post-exercise and the amount of exercise-induced irisin release (presented as AUC) were comparable between trained and untrained adults (all P?>?.05). Irisin remained elevated 10-min post-exhausting running but decreased towards baseline 10-min post-exhausting cycling. Exhausting running induced an increase in irisin release for the whole course of exercise and recovery periods, but cycling did not. Acute exercise-induced irisin changes seemed not related to changes of CK, aspartate AST, and Mb in general. In conclusion, acute exercise-induced irisin release is not associated with training status but might be affected by training mode. Future studies are required to investigate which exercise mode might be most efficient in altering irisin.  相似文献   

Peer Problems Among Postinstitutionalized,Internationally Adopted Children: Relations to Hypocortisolism,Parenting Quality,and ADHD Symptoms     

Clio E. Pitula  Carrie E. DePasquale  Shanna B. Mliner  Megan R. Gunnar 《Child development》2019,90(3):e339-e355

Seventy-eight postinstitutionalized (PI) children adopted at ages 17–36 months were assessed 2, 8, 16, and 24 months postadoption on measures of cortisol and parenting quality, and compared to same-aged children adopted from foster care (FC, n = 45) and nonadopted children (NA, n = 45). In kindergarten (M_age = 6.0 years), teachers, parents, and trained observers completed measures of peer relationships and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. PI children had more peer problems and ADHD symptoms according to teachers and observers than NA children with FC children in between, whereas both PI and FC children were at significantly greater risk of hypocortisolism (i.e., blunted cortisol diurnal rhythm and reactivity). Hypocortisolism and ADHD symptoms mediated the association between preadoption adversity and peer difficulties. Higher postadoption parenting quality was protective.  相似文献   

GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND LEARNING DURING INFANCY          下载免费PDF全文

Megan R. Gunnar 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2015,80(4):123-131

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Friluftsliv and adventure: Models, heroes and idols in a Nansen perspective     

Gunnar Repp 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2004,4(2):117-131

With the ambition of penetrating into the very core of the Norwegian and Nordic friluftsliv: An ecologically responsible life in the open air-in nature, people will have to become acquainted with Fridtjof Nansen—with the thinker as well as the practitioner. Outdoor life with natural and strong links to the national friluftsliv—tradition was his ideal, and quite a lot of people in the years after him have been fired with his enthusiasm for the wonderful experiential and health—giving meetings with nature. Obviously, he has been a hero and an idol for generations of people. His reputation as an arctic explorer, as scientist and sportsman, as an internationalist and a humanitarian, have been emphasized by a great many books and articles about him. The main purpose of this article is to shed more light upon his thinking about friluftsliv, to show and explain its focus, its models and paragons.  相似文献   

Behavioral Inhibition and Stress Reactivity: The Moderating Role of Attachment Security   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

Melissa Nachmias  Megan Gunnar  Sarah Mangelsdorf  Robin Hornik Parritz  Kristin Buss 《Child development》1996,67(2):508-522

The role of the mother-toddler attachment relationship in moderating the relations between behavioral inhibition and changes in salivary cortisol levels in response to novel events was examined in 77 18-month-olds. Behavioral inhibition was determined by observing toddler inhibition of approach to several novel events. Attachment security to mother was assessed using the Ainsworth Strange Situation. Changes in salivary cortisol were used to index activity of the stress-sensitive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. In addition, toddler coping behaviors and the behaviors used by mothers to help toddlers manage novel events were examined. Elevations in cortisol were found only for inhibited toddlers in insecure attachment relationships. Mothers in these relationships appeared to interfere with their toddlers' coping efforts. These results are discussed in the context of a coping model of the relations between temperament and stress reactivity.  相似文献   

The Use of External Consultants for School Development: A Norwegian Case Study     

Eilif Olsen  Gunnar Osen 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(1):11-19

>Although teaching has traditionally been regarded as a stressful occupation, it may be argued that the increased pace of change and enhanced levels of competition within education have impacted upon all schools in Britain, and have brought added pressures to the profession. Additionally, a number of schools have experienced further traumatic change through the process of school merger and, hence, it would seem that teachers in these particular schools are highly vulnerable to high levels of stress.

A study, which was carried out to assess the levels of stress experienced by teachers in a sample of schools which were threatened by merger, had merged or had not merged, revealed that those who were threatened by traumatic change exhibited the highest levels of stress. The findings are discussed in relation to their implications for the management of traumatic organisation change projects.  相似文献   

Friluftsliv and adventure: Models,heroes and idols in a Nansen perspective     

Gunnar Repp 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2013,13(2):117-131

Abstract

With the ambition of penetrating into the very core of the Norwegian and Nordic friluftsliv: An ecologically responsible life in the open air-in nature, people will have to become acquainted with Fridtjof Nansen—with the thinker as well as the practitioner. Outdoor life with natural and strong links to the national friluftsliv—tradition was his ideal, and quite a lot of people in the years after him have been fired with his enthusiasm for the wonderful experiential and health—giving meetings with nature. Obviously, he has been a hero and an idol for generations of people. His reputation as an arctic explorer, as scientist and sportsman, as an internationalist and a humanitarian, have been emphasized by a great many books and articles about him. The main purpose of this article is to shed more light upon his thinking about friluftsliv, to show and explain its focus, its models and paragons.  相似文献   

Research into the School as an Organization. I: A Presentation and Discussion of Research Literature with a Bearing on the School as an Organization     

Gunnar Berg 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(2):95-117

Berg, G. 1982. Research into the School as an Organization. I: A Presentation and Discussion of Research Literature with a Bearing on the School as an Organization. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 26, 95‐117. Only to a limited extent has the school as an organization been the subject of any really systematic research, whether on the part of educationalists, sociologists or general organizational theorists. In this article a number of research projects focusing on the school as an organization are described and discussed. Previous research in this field has been either functionalist or structuralist in approach. Nevertheless, certain concepts are common to the analyses of all the researchers referred to here: all describe the school as an organization in terms of professionalism and bureaucracy. We would add that the school can also be described as a coercive organization.  相似文献   

Determinants of Learning Outcome for Students at High School in Norway: A Constructivist Approach     

Gunnar Magne Økland 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(2):119-138

A vital part of student learning is the construction of mental structures encompassing categories believed to affect learning outcome. In this study we investigate this research question through the lenses of a constructivist approach. As the first study on our research question at high school in Norway, our empirical findings make up the main contribution of this study. The data were analyzed by a grounded theory methodology. The results identify 6 dimensions of determinants of learning outcome. The dimensions: student activity, work processes and motivation to learn are manifest of the latent dimension process of learning, while the second latent dimension learning content is manifested in the 3 dimensions: correction, information from teacher and putting into context.  相似文献   

Students’ Ontological Security and Agency in Science Education—An Example from Reasoning about the Use of Gene Technology     

Mats Gunnar Lindahl  Cedric Linder 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(14):2299-2330

This paper reports on a study of how students' reasoning about socioscientific issues is framed by three dynamics: societal structures, agency and how trust and security issues are handled. Examples from gene technology were used as the forum for interviews with 13 Swedish high-school students (year 11, age 17–18). A grid based on modalities from the societal structures described by Giddens was used to structure the analysis. The results illustrate how the participating students used both modalities for ‘Legitimation’ and ‘Domination’ to justify positions that accept or reject new technology. The analysis also showed how norms and knowledge can be used to justify opposing positions in relation to building trust in science and technology, or in democratic decisions expected to favour personal norms. Here, students accepted or rejected the authority of experts based on perceptions of the knowledge base that the authority was seen to be anchored in. Difficulty in discerning between material risks (reduced safety) and immaterial risks (loss of norms) was also found. These outcomes are used to draw attention to the educational challenges associated with students' using knowledge claims (Domination) to support norms (Legitimation) and how this is related to the development of a sense of agency in terms of sharing norms with experts or with laymen.  相似文献